Cell wall components of Candida albicans as immunomodulators: induction of natural killer and macrophage-mediated peritoneal cell cytotoxicity in mice by mannoprotein and glucan fractions.

Cell wall components from Candida albicans were compared to intact cells for their ability to induce natural cytotoxic immunoeffectors in the peritoneal cavity of mice. A soluble mannoprotein extract (MP) and an insoluble glucan fraction (GG) strongly stimulated the generation of peritoneal effectors capable of lysing YAC-1 and P-815 tumour cell lines in vitro. The anti-YAC-1 effectors were characterized as natural killer (NK) lymphocytes while the anti-P-815 effectors appeared to be activated macrophages. The activity of each fraction was typically dose-dependent and both fractions differed from whole cells in the kinetics of induction of cytotoxicity. However, the NK and macrophage effectors generated by these materials had similar functional and phenotypic properties, irrespective of the material used as inducer. No mannoprotein was detected in the insoluble glucan fraction GG. Hence, the immunoenhancing activity of GG could not be attributed to the presence of some MP or MP-like component. Mannan-rich fractions with low (less than 3%) protein content (M) or extracted by hot alkaline reagent (M-alk) were inactive as NK and macrophage inducers. Thus, the cell wall of C. albicans contains at least two distinct macromolecular complexes which mediate the induction in murine peritoneal exudates of cytotoxic effectors active against tumour cell lines.