Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Feb;26(5):4588-4604. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-4037-0. Epub 2019 Jan 5.
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and toxic metal and easily absorbed by animals and plants; subsequently, it is an environmental risk factor with several toxic effects in humans and animals. The main pathway of human or animal exposure to Cd is through its ingestion by water or food and by particles or fume inhalation during industrial processes. With continuous exposure to small levels of cadmium, it is being deposited in different tissues day after day, causing toxic effects on the liver, kidney, and testes. Long-term exposure to this toxic metal resulted in inflammatory infiltration, necrosis of hepatocytes, degenerative changes in testis tissues, reduction in spermatocytes, degeneration in renal tubules, and hypertrophy of renal epithelium. Therefore, we need an effective treatment to overcome cadmium poisoning. Thus, in the current review, we try to provide compiled reports and summarize information about the toxicological effects of Cd in human, animals, and poultry. This review also provides updated information about the protective actions of herbs and herbal extracts and their role as an effective strategy in reducing or preventing serious health problems and tissue damage in response to Cd toxicity.
镉（Cd）是一种重金属和有毒金属，很容易被动植物吸收；因此，它是一种环境风险因素，对人类和动物具有多种毒性作用。人类或动物接触镉的主要途径是通过水或食物摄入，以及在工业过程中通过颗粒或烟雾吸入。随着持续接触小剂量的镉，镉会日复一日地沉积在不同的组织中，对肝脏、肾脏和睾丸造成毒性作用。长期暴露于这种有毒金属会导致炎症浸润、肝细胞坏死、睾丸组织退行性变化、精母细胞减少、肾小管变性和肾上皮细胞肥大。因此，我们需要一种有效的治疗方法来克服镉中毒。因此，在本次综述中，我们试图提供关于 Cd 在人类、动物和家禽中的毒理学效应的综合报告和总结信息。本综述还提供了关于草药和草药提取物的保护作用及其作为减少或预防 Cd 毒性引起的严重健康问题和组织损伤的有效策略的最新信息。
