Ramadass S, Rai Sanjay K, Gupta Sanjeev Kumar, Kant Shashi, Wadhwa Sanjay, Sood Mamta, Sreenivas V
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2018 Nov-Dec;7(6):1177-1184. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_10_18.
Disability is complex, dynamic in nature, multidimensional, and most contested. Quality of life is an abstract concept that is related to the level of disability in the population. Approaches to measuring disability vary across different regions, and purpose and application of the findings. We systematically reviewed the studies that have been undertaken to study the prevalence of disability and its association with sociodemographic factors and quality of life among the general population in India, between January 2000 and June 2018. The prevalence of impairment ranged from 1.6% to 43.3%. In major surveys, males had higher impairment than females. Studies that used the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health concept for measuring disability reported prevalence ranging from 70.0% to 93.2%. Most studies used semi-structured questionnaires for measurement of disability. Some studies have used Barthel Index for Activity of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Schedule, Rapid Assessment of Disability scale, and Standard Health Assessment Questionnaire. The quality of life was low among females. This review brings out the heterogeneity in the concepts for measuring disability and quality of life. Lack of standardization in the measurement of disability restrains any comparison between these studies.
残疾情况复杂，本质上具有动态性、多维度性，且争议极大。生活质量是一个抽象概念，与人群中的残疾水平相关。衡量残疾的方法因不同地区以及研究结果的目的和应用而异。我们系统回顾了2000年1月至2018年6月期间在印度普通人群中开展的有关残疾患病率及其与社会人口学因素和生活质量之间关联的研究。损伤患病率在1.6%至43.3%之间。在主要调查中，男性的损伤情况比女性更严重。使用《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》概念来衡量残疾的研究报告的患病率在70.0%至93.2%之间。大多数研究使用半结构化问卷来测量残疾情况。一些研究使用巴氏指数来评估日常生活活动能力、工具性日常生活活动能力、印度残疾评估与评定量表、残疾快速评估量表以及标准健康评估问卷。女性的生活质量较低。本综述揭示了在衡量残疾和生活质量概念方面存在的异质性。残疾测量缺乏标准化限制了这些研究之间的任何比较。
