PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departments of.
Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Adv Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;10(2):291-302. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy067.
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted clinical interest not only because it dissipates energy but also for its potential capacity to counteract obesity and related metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance and dyslipidemia). Cold exposure is the most powerful stimulus for activating and recruiting BAT, and this stimulatory effect is mediated by the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. BAT can also be activated by other receptors such as the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or β-adrenergic receptors. Interestingly, these receptors also interact with several dietary components; in particular, capsinoids and tea catechins appear to mimic the effects of cold through a TRP-BAT axis, and they consequently seem to decrease body fat and improve metabolic blood parameters. This systematic review critically addresses the evidence behind the available human studies analyzing the effect of several dietary components (e.g., capsinoids, tea catechins, and ephedrine) on BAT activity. Even though the results of these studies are consistent with the outcomes of preclinical models, the lack of robust study designs makes it impossible to confirm the BAT-activation capacity of the specified dietary components. Further investigation into the effects of dietary components on BAT is warranted to clarify to what extent these components could serve as a powerful strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
人类棕色脂肪组织 (BAT) 不仅因其消耗能量而引起临床关注，还因其对抗肥胖和相关代谢紊乱（如胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常）的潜在能力而受到关注。寒冷暴露是激活和募集 BAT 的最有效刺激，这种刺激作用是由瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 通道介导的。BAT 还可以被其他受体激活，如 G 蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体 1 (GPBAR1) 或 β-肾上腺素能受体。有趣的是，这些受体也与几种膳食成分相互作用；特别是辣椒素和茶儿茶素似乎通过 TRP-BAT 轴模拟寒冷的作用，因此它们似乎可以减少体脂肪并改善代谢血液参数。本系统评价批判性地分析了现有分析几种膳食成分（如辣椒素、儿茶素和麻黄碱）对 BAT 活性影响的人体研究的证据。尽管这些研究的结果与临床前模型的结果一致，但缺乏稳健的研究设计使得无法确认特定膳食成分的 BAT 激活能力。有必要进一步研究膳食成分对 BAT 的影响，以明确这些成分在多大程度上可以作为治疗肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的有效策略。
