Nwidu Lucky Legbosi, Alikwe Philip Cheriose Nzien, Elmorsy Ekramy, Carter Wayne Grant
Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria.
School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK.
Medicines (Basel). 2019 Jan 20;6(1):15. doi: 10.3390/medicines6010015.
Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants possess antioxidants potentially capable of mitigating cellular oxidative stress. This study investigated the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and total phenolic and flavonoids contents (TPC/TFC) of dietary sources traditionally used for memory enhancing in Niger Delta, Nigeria. methanolic seed extract (DEMSE), methanolic seed extract (CLMSE), methanolic seed extract (TeCMSE), methanolic seed extract (TrCMSE), methanolic seed extract (TTMSE), and defatted methanolic seed extract (DMOMSE); methanolic fruit extract (DTMFE), methanolic fruit extract (ACMFE), methanolic leaf extract (GAMLE), methanolic stembark extract (MPMSE), and methanolic stembark extract (MIMSE) were evaluated for free radical scavenging antioxidant ability using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power capacity (reduction of ferric iron to ferrous iron), AChE inhibitory potential by Ellman assay, and then TPC/TFC contents determined by estimating milli-equivalents of Gallic acid and Quercetin per gram, respectively. The radical scavenging percentages were as follows: MIMSE (58%), MPMSE (50%), TrCMSE (42%), GAMLE (40%), CLMSE (40%), DMOMSE (38%), and DEMFE (37%) relative to β-tocopherol (98%). The highest iron reducing (antioxidant) capacity was by TrCMSE (52%), MIMSE (40%) and GAMLE (38%). Extracts of MIMSE, TrCMSE, DTMFE, TTMSE, and CLMSE exhibited concentration-dependent AChE inhibitory activity ( < 0.05⁻0.001). At a concentration of 200 µg/mL, the AChE inhibitory activity and IC (µg/mL) exhibited by the most potent extracts were: MIMSE (≈50%/111.9), TrCMSE (≈47%/201.2), DTMFE (≈32%/529.9), TTMSE (≈26%/495.4), and CLMSE (≈25%/438.4). The highest TPC were from MIMSE (156.2), TrCMSE (132.65), GAMLE (123.26), and CLMSE (119.63) in mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and for TFC were: MISME (87.35), GAMLE (73.26), ACMFE (69.54), CLMSE (68.35), and TCMSE2 (64.34) mg quercetin equivalents/gram. Conclusions: The results suggest that certain inedible and edible foodstuffs, most notably MIMSE, MPMSE, TrCMSE, GAMLE, and CLMSE may be beneficial to ameliorate the potentially damaging effects of redox stress.
富含水果、蔬菜和药用植物的饮食含有抗氧化剂，可能能够减轻细胞氧化应激。本研究调查了尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲传统上用于增强记忆力的饮食来源的抗氧化剂、抗乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）以及总酚和黄酮含量（TPC/TFC）。对甲醇种子提取物（DEMSE）、甲醇种子提取物（CLMSE）、甲醇种子提取物（TeCMSE）、甲醇种子提取物（TrCMSE）、甲醇种子提取物（TTMSE）和脱脂甲醇种子提取物（DMOMSE）；甲醇果实提取物（DTMFE）、甲醇果实提取物（ACMFE）、甲醇叶提取物（GAMLE）、甲醇树皮提取物（MPMSE）和甲醇树皮提取物（MIMSE），使用2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）评估其自由基清除抗氧化能力、还原能力（将三价铁还原为二价铁），通过Ellman法测定AChE抑制潜力，然后分别通过估计每克没食子酸和槲皮素的毫当量来测定TPC/TFC含量。自由基清除百分比如下：相对于β-生育酚（98%），MIMSE（58%）、MPMSE（50%）、TrCMSE（42%）、GAMLE（40%）、CLMSE（40%）、DMOMSE（38%）和DEMFE（37%）。最高的铁还原（抗氧化）能力由TrCMSE（52%）、MIMSE（40%）和GAMLE（38%）表现。MIMSE、TrCMSE、DTMFE、TTMSE和CLMSE的提取物表现出浓度依赖性的AChE抑制活性（<0.05⁻0.001）。在200μg/mL的浓度下，最有效的提取物表现出的AChE抑制活性和IC（μg/mL）为：MIMSE（≈50%/111.9）、TrCMSE（≈47%/201.2）、DTMFE（≈32%/529.9）、TTMSE（≈26%/495.4）和CLMSE（≈25%/438.4）。最高的TPC来自MIMSE（156.2）、TrCMSE（132.65）、GAMLE（123.26）和CLMSE（119.63），以毫克没食子酸当量/克计，对于TFC为：MISME（87.35）、GAMLE（73.26）、ACMFE（69.54）、CLMSE（68.35）和TCMSE2（64.34）毫克槲皮素当量/克。结论：结果表明，某些不可食用和可食用食品，最显著的是MIMSE、MPMSE、TrCMSE、GAMLE和CLMSE，可能有利于改善氧化还原应激的潜在破坏作用。
