Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
Biomolecules. 2019 Jan 21;9(1):34. doi: 10.3390/biom9010034.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a nucleotide that is most recognized for its role as an intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. Although the biosynthetic pathway of NMN varies between eukaryote and prokaryote, two pathways are mainly followed in case of eukaryotic human-one is through the salvage pathway using nicotinamide while the other follows phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside. Due to the unavailability of a suitable transporter, NMN enters inside the mammalian cell in the form of nicotinamide riboside followed by its subsequent conversion to NMN and NAD+. This particular molecule has demonstrated several beneficial pharmacological activities in preclinical studies, which suggest its potential therapeutic use. Mostly mediated by its involvement in NAD+ biosynthesis, the pharmacological activities of NMN include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity. The recent groundbreaking discovery of anti-ageing activities of this chemical moiety has added a valuable essence in the research involving this molecule. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of NMN in mammalian and prokaryotic cells and mechanism of absorption along with the reported pharmacological activities in murine model.
烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）是一种核苷酸，它作为烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD+）生物合成的中间产物而广为人知。尽管 NMN 的生物合成途径在真核生物和原核生物之间有所不同，但在真核生物人类中，主要有两种途径——一种是利用烟酰胺的补救途径，另一种是烟酰胺核苷的磷酸化。由于缺乏合适的转运体，NMN 以烟酰胺核苷的形式进入哺乳动物细胞，随后转化为 NMN 和 NAD+。该分子在临床前研究中表现出多种有益的药理学活性，提示其具有潜在的治疗用途。NMN 的药理学活性主要通过其参与 NAD+生物合成来介导，包括其在细胞生化功能、心脏保护、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病和肥胖相关并发症中的作用。最近关于这种化学部分抗衰老活性的突破性发现为该分子的研究增添了宝贵的内容。本文综述了哺乳动物和原核细胞中 NMN 的生物合成以及在鼠模型中报道的吸收机制和药理学活性。
