Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Department of Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Roma, Italy,
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 24;20(3):501. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030501.
The gut microbiota is central to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While multiple mechanisms are involved, the immune system clearly plays a special role. Indeed, the breakdown of the physiological balance in gut microbial composition leads to dysbiosis, which is then able to enhance inflammation and to influence gene expression. At the same time, there is an intense cross-talk between the microbiota and the immunological niche in the intestinal mucosa. These interactions may pave the way to the development, growth and spreading of cancer, especially in the gastro-intestinal system. Here, we review the changes in microbiota composition, how they relate to the immunological imbalance, influencing the onset of different types of cancer and the impact of these mechanisms on the efficacy of traditional and upcoming cancer treatments.
肠道微生物群是几种炎症性和自身免疫性疾病发病机制的核心。虽然涉及多种机制，但免疫系统显然起着特殊作用。事实上，肠道微生物组成的生理平衡的打破会导致菌群失调，进而增强炎症并影响基因表达。同时，微生物群与肠道黏膜的免疫生态位之间存在强烈的相互作用。这些相互作用可能为癌症的发展、生长和扩散铺平道路，尤其是在胃肠系统中。在这里，我们综述了微生物群落组成的变化，它们如何与免疫失衡相关，影响不同类型癌症的发生，并探讨这些机制对传统和新兴癌症治疗方法疗效的影响。
