Barker Dianne C, Schleicher Nina C, Ababseh Kimberly, Johnson Trent O, Henriksen Lisa
Public Health Institute, 555 12 Street 10 Floor, Oakland, CA 94607
Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, 3300 Hillview Avenue, suite 120, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Tob Induc Dis. 2018 Oct;16. doi: 10.18332/tid/94600.
This study characterizes the retail environment for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) near public universities in California, assesses marketing in the first random sample of ENDS retailers, and compares ENDS retailer density and retail marketing near campuses with and without tobacco-free policies.
Two data sources were used to construct a sampling frame of possible ENDS retailers, which were mapped within 1 to 4 miles of the 33 University of California and California State University campuses. To assess retailer density, a telephone survey of possible ENDS retailers (n=1186) determined which sold e-cigarettes or e-liquids (completion rate=72.9%). To assess retail marketing, trained data collectors completed observations in a random sample (n=438, M=13.3 stores per campus, SD=11.2) in fall 2015.
In a telephone survey, 59.1% of retailers reported selling e-cigarettes or e-liquids. Half of the campuses had 10 or more ENDS retailers nearby. Most ENDS retailers were convenience stores (42.5%), and more were head shops (8.4%) than smoke shops (6.8%) or vape shops (6.2%). Nearly half (43.6%) of ENDS retailers sold products marketed as zero-nicotine and 13.9% sold NRT. ENDS advertising was visible in 72.1% and on the exterior of 28.1% of retailers. However, the presence of exterior advertising for ENDS was significantly lower near campuses with established tobacco-free policies than campuses with recent or no tobacco-free policies (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.22, 0.94).
The large number of tobacco retailers that sell ENDS near colleges suggests a need for better monitoring and regulations of ENDS availability and marketing. The widespread availability of zero-nicotine products suggests a need to examine whether nicotine-free products are as advertised and safe to use. Longitudinal research is needed to understand how retail marketing for ENDS responds to change in tobacco-free policies at nearby campuses.
本研究描述了加利福尼亚州公立大学附近的电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）零售环境，评估了首个ENDS零售商随机样本中的营销情况，并比较了有无无烟政策的校园附近ENDS零售商密度及零售营销情况。
使用两个数据源构建可能的ENDS零售商抽样框架，并将其绘制在加利福尼亚大学和加利福尼亚州立大学33个校区方圆1至4英里范围内。为评估零售商密度，对可能的ENDS零售商进行电话调查（n = 1186），以确定哪些商家销售电子烟或电子烟液（完成率 = 72.9%）。为评估零售营销情况，训练有素的数据收集人员于2015年秋季在一个随机样本（n = 438，每个校区平均13.3家商店，标准差 = 11.2）中完成观察。
在电话调查中，59.1%的零售商报告销售电子烟或电子烟液。一半的校区附近有10家或更多的ENDS零售商。大多数ENDS零售商是便利店（42.5%），头饰店（8.4%）比烟具店（6.8%）或电子烟商店（6.2%）更多。近一半（43.6%）的ENDS零售商销售宣传为零尼古丁的产品，13.9%销售尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）产品。72.1%的零售商处可见ENDS广告，28.1%在零售商外部可见。然而，与有近期或无无烟政策的校区相比，有既定无烟政策的校区附近ENDS外部广告的出现率显著更低（比值比 = 0.45，95%置信区间 = 0.22，0.94）。
大学附近大量销售ENDS的烟草零售商表明，需要对ENDS的可得性和营销进行更好的监测和监管。零尼古丁产品的广泛可得性表明，有必要研究无尼古丁产品是否如宣传的那样以及使用是否安全。需要进行纵向研究，以了解ENDS零售营销如何应对附近校区无烟政策的变化。
