Jacobs Allan J, Arora Kavita Shah
Gynecologic Oncology, Coney Island Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA; and Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and affiliated faculty in Bioethics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA. Postal address: 590 7 Street, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.
Reproductive Biology and of Bioethics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA, and Director of Quality, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Postal address: 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Suite G267, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Ethics Med Public Health. 2018 Apr-Jun;5:86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Secular states may be asked to override parental decisions based on religious beliefs when these decisions lead to concerns for the wellbeing of the child or welfare of society at large. Particular difficulties arise when goals of limited state importance to secular society conflict with practices that matter a great deal to members of religious groups. We propose a prudentially-based approach to resolving these conflicts by balancing the interests of the affected child, those close to the child, and society without compromising the child's needs. This approach acknowledges the importance of children's relational interests as members of families and religious cultures. It is compatible both with legal and bioethical practice. Decisions are contextually framed, taking into account the degree to which the state generally tolerates risks to children's health and safety. The constraints built into our approach protect against using child welfare as a pretext for attacks on minorities. Finally, use of this approach partially addresses the imprecision of other standards that have been applied to judge the appropriateness of parental decisions.
当基于宗教信仰的父母决定引发对孩子福祉或整个社会福利的担忧时，世俗国家可能会被要求推翻这些决定。当世俗社会中重要性有限的国家目标与宗教团体成员非常重视的做法发生冲突时，就会出现特别的困难。我们提出一种基于审慎的方法来解决这些冲突，即在不损害孩子需求的前提下，平衡受影响孩子、孩子身边的人以及社会的利益。这种方法承认儿童作为家庭和宗教文化成员的关系利益的重要性。它既符合法律实践，也符合生物伦理实践。决策是根据具体情况制定的，会考虑到国家通常对儿童健康和安全风险的容忍程度。我们方法中内置的限制措施可防止以儿童福利为借口攻击少数群体。最后，使用这种方法部分解决了用于判断父母决定是否合适的其他标准的不精确性问题。
