Freeman Stanley, Shtienberg Dani, Maymon Marcel, Levin Adolfo G, Ploetz Randy C
Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Northern R&D, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
Plant Dis. 2014 Nov;98(11):1456-1466. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0679-FE.
Mango (Mangifera indica) is regarded as the king of fruits in India, where it has been cultivated for at least 4,000 years and has great cultural and religious significance. Many Indian mango cultivars originated in the fifteenth century when the best selections of mango seedlings were propagated by grafting and planted in large orchards, in some cases numbering 100,000 trees. With the arrival of voyagers to India from Europe, mango was soon established throughout the tropics and subtropics. Mango malformation disease (MMD) is one of the most important and destructive diseases of this crop. It affects inflorescences and vegetative portions of the plant. Although trees are not killed, the vegetative phase of the disease impedes canopy development and the floral phase reduces fruit yield dramatically; substantial economic losses can occur since malformed inflorescences do not bear fruit. Significant advances have been made in understanding the etiology of MMD, which is caused by more than one agent. However, until recently little progress had been made on the epidemiology of this disease. The results that are discussed in this article are only for MMD caused by F. mangiferae.
芒果（杧果）在印度被视为水果之王，在印度已种植了至少4000年，具有重大的文化和宗教意义。许多印度芒果品种起源于15世纪，当时最好的芒果实生苗通过嫁接繁殖，并种植在大型果园中，有些果园的果树数量达10万棵。随着欧洲航海者抵达印度，芒果很快就在热带和亚热带地区种植开来。芒果畸形病（MMD）是这种作物最重要、最具破坏性的病害之一。它会影响植株的花序和营养部分。虽然树木不会死亡，但病害的营养阶段会阻碍树冠发育，而花期则会大幅降低果实产量；由于畸形花序不结果，会造成巨大的经济损失。在了解由多种病原体引起的芒果畸形病的病因方面已取得重大进展。然而，直到最近，这种病害的流行病学研究进展甚微。本文所讨论的结果仅针对由芒果镰孢菌引起的芒果畸形病。
