Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 E. Main St, 4th Floor, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019 Jan 31;16(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0771-z.
Young adults (YA) are at high-risk for unhealthy dietary behaviors and weight gain. The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) Trial demonstrated that two self-regulation approaches were effective in reducing weight gain over 2 years compared with control. The goal of this analysis was to examine effects of intervention on dietary outcomes and the association of diet changes with weight change.
Participants were 599 YA, age 18-35 years, BMI 21.0-30.0 kg/m (27.4 ± 4.4 years; 25.4 ± 2.6 kg/m; 22% men; 73% non-Hispanic White), who were recruited in Providence, RI and Chapel Hill, NC and randomized to self-regulation with Small Changes (SC), self-regulation with Large Changes (LC) or Control (C). SC and LC emphasized frequent self-weighing to cue behavior changes (small daily changes vs. periodic large changes) and targeted high-risk dietary behaviors. Diet and weight were assessed at baseline, 4 months and 2 years.
LC and SC had greater decreases in energy intake than C at 4 months but not 2 years. LC had the greatest changes in percent calories from fat at 4 months, but differences were attenuated at 2 years. No differences in diet quality were observed. Across conditions, increased total energy consumption, fast food, meals away from home, and binge drinking, and decreased dietary quality and breakfast consumption were all associated with weight gain at 2 years.
This study suggests the need to strengthen interventions to produce longer term changes in dietary intake and helps to identify specific behaviors associated with weight gain over time in young adults.
Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT01183689 , registered August 18, 2010.
年轻人（YA）存在不健康的饮食行为和体重增加的高风险。新型体重增加预防研究（SNAP）试验表明，与对照组相比，两种自我调节方法在 2 年内有效减少了体重增加。本分析的目的是检验干预对饮食结果的影响，以及饮食变化与体重变化的关系。
研究对象为 599 名年龄在 18-35 岁之间、BMI 为 21.0-30.0kg/m（27.4±4.4 岁；25.4±2.6kg/m；22%男性；73%非西班牙裔白人）的 YA，他们在罗德岛普罗维登斯和北卡罗来纳州教堂山招募，并随机分配到自我调节的小变化（SC）、自我调节的大变化（LC）或对照组（C）。SC 和 LC 强调频繁自我称重以提示行为改变（小的日常变化与大的定期变化），并针对高风险饮食行为。在基线、4 个月和 2 年内评估饮食和体重。
与 C 组相比，LC 和 SC 在 4 个月时的能量摄入减少更多，但在 2 年内则不然。LC 在 4 个月时的脂肪百分比变化最大，但在 2 年内差异减弱。饮食质量没有差异。在所有条件下，总能量消耗增加、快餐、外出就餐和狂饮，以及饮食质量和早餐摄入减少，均与 2 年内体重增加有关。
本研究表明需要加强干预措施，以产生更长期的饮食摄入变化，并有助于确定与年轻人随时间推移体重增加相关的特定行为。
Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01183689，注册于 2010 年 8 月 18 日。
