Huang Yitong, Benford Steve, Blake Holly
Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Mixed Reality Laboratory, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Med Internet Res. 2019 Feb 7;21(2):e11079. doi: 10.2196/11079.
There is a clear public health need to reduce office workers' sedentary behaviors (SBs), especially in the workplace. Digital technologies are increasingly being deployed in the workplace to measure and modify office workers' SBs. However, knowledge of the range and nature of research on this topic is limited; it also remains unclear to what extent digital interventions have exploited the technological possibilities.
This study aimed to investigate the technological landscape of digital interventions for SB reduction in office workers and to map the research activity in this field.
Terms related to SB, office worker, and digital technology were applied in various combinations to search Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Scopus, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, Engineering index Compendex, and Google Scholar for the years 2000 to 2017. Data regarding the study and intervention details were extracted. Interventions and studies were categorized into development, feasibility and/piloting, evaluation, or implementation phase based on the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. A novel framework was developed to classify technological features and annotate technological configurations. A mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used to summarize data.
We identified 68 articles describing 45 digital interventions designed to intervene with office workers' SB. A total of 6 common technological features had been applied to interventions with various combinations. Configurations such as "information delivery and mediated organizational and social support" and "digital log and automated tailored feedback" were well established in evaluation and implementation studies; in contrast, the integration of passive data collection, connected devices, and ATF or scheduled prompts was mostly present in development and piloting research.
This review is the first to map and describe the use of digital technologies in research on SB reduction in office workers. Interdisciplinary collaborations can help to maximize the potential of technologies. As novel modes of delivery that capitalize on embedded computing and electronics, wireless technologies have been developed and piloted in engineering, computing, and design fields, efforts can be directed to move them to the next phase of evaluation with more rigorous study designs. Quality of research may be improved by fostering conversations between different research communities and encouraging researchers to plan, conduct, and report their research under the MRC framework. This review will be particularly informative to those deciding on areas where further research or development is needed and to those looking to locate the relevant expertise, resources, and design inputs when designing their own systems or interventions.
减少办公室职员的久坐行为（SBs）有着明确的公共卫生需求，尤其是在工作场所。数字技术越来越多地被应用于工作场所，以测量和改变办公室职员的久坐行为。然而，关于这一主题的研究范围和性质的了解有限；数字干预在多大程度上利用了技术可能性也仍不清楚。
本研究旨在调查用于减少办公室职员久坐行为的数字干预的技术状况，并梳理该领域的研究活动。
将与久坐行为、办公室职员和数字技术相关的术语进行各种组合，在Cochrane图书馆、乔安娜·布里格斯循证卫生保健中心系统评价数据库、医学期刊数据库、心理学文摘数据库、心理学数据库、Scopus数据库、美国计算机协会数字图书馆、工程索引数据库和谷歌学术搜索中检索2000年至2017年的文献。提取有关研究和干预细节的数据。根据英国医学研究委员会（MRC）开发和评估复杂干预措施的框架，将干预措施和研究分为开发、可行性和/或试点、评估或实施阶段。开发了一个新颖的框架来对技术特征进行分类并注释技术配置。采用定量和定性相结合的方法对数据进行总结。
我们确定了68篇描述45种旨在干预办公室职员久坐行为的数字干预措施的文章。共有6种常见技术特征被应用于各种组合的干预措施中。“信息传递以及介导的组织和社会支持”和“数字日志及自动定制反馈”等配置在评估和实施研究中得到了充分应用；相比之下，被动数据收集、联网设备以及自动定时反馈（ATF）或定时提示的整合大多出现在开发和试点研究中。
本综述首次梳理并描述了数字技术在减少办公室职员久坐行为研究中的应用。跨学科合作有助于最大限度地发挥技术潜力。作为利用嵌入式计算和电子技术的新型交付模式，无线技术已在工程、计算机和设计领域得到开发和试点，今后可努力将其推进到更严格研究设计的评估阶段。通过促进不同研究群体之间的交流，并鼓励研究人员在MRC框架下规划、开展和报告研究，可以提高研究质量。本综述对于那些决定进一步研究或开发领域的人，以及那些在设计自己的系统或干预措施时希望找到相关专业知识、资源和设计投入的人来说，将具有特别的参考价值。
