The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2019 Apr;1871(2):342-360. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Urological malignancies, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer, are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because of the high incidence, diversity in biology, and especially direct interaction with urine, urological cancers are an important resource for both scientists and clinicians for novel diagnostic and therapeutic discovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer encapsulated particles released by cells into the extracellular space. Since EVs work as a safe way to transport important biological information through the whole body, they are now recognized as an important mechanism of cell-cell communication and have opened a new window for us to gain a better understanding of cancer biology, novel diagnostics, and therapeutic options. In recent years, numerous evolutions in EV technologies and novel biological and clinical findings continue to be reported in the research field of urological cancers. This comprehensive review aims to give an update of recent advances in EV technologies and summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge of EVs related to prostate cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer, particularly focusing on the potential of EV as biomarkers and their biological roles in promoting cancer and metastasis.
泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，包括前列腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌，是全球范围内发病率和死亡率较高的主要原因。由于其发病率高、生物学多样性，特别是与尿液的直接相互作用，泌尿系统癌症是科学家和临床医生在新型诊断和治疗发现方面的重要资源。细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是由细胞释放到细胞外空间的脂质双层包裹的颗粒。由于 EVs 作为一种通过全身安全传递重要生物信息的方式，它们现在被认为是细胞间通讯的重要机制，并为我们更好地了解癌症生物学、新型诊断和治疗选择开辟了新的窗口。近年来，在泌尿系统癌症的研究领域中，不断有关于 EV 技术和新型生物学及临床发现的大量进展报道。本综述旨在介绍 EV 技术的最新进展，并总结与前列腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌相关的 EV 的最新知识，特别侧重于 EV 作为生物标志物的潜力及其在促进癌症和转移中的生物学作用。
