Um Miji, Whitt Zachary T, Revilla Rebecca, Hunton Taylor, Cyders Melissa A
Department of Psychology, Indiana University⁻Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
Brain Sci. 2019 Feb 8;9(2):36. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9020036.
Negative urgency is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to act rashly in response to extreme negative emotions and is considered a transdiagnostic endophenotype for problematic levels of addictive behaviors. Recent research has begun to identify the neural correlates of negative urgency, many of which appear to overlap with neural circuitry underlying addictive disorders associated with negative urgency. The goal of this qualitative review is to summarize the extant literature concerning the neural correlates of negative urgency, to compare these correlates with those implicated with addictive disorders, and to propose new ways to begin to leverage such findings in treatment and intervention approaches. We also address current limitations in the field and make recommendations for areas for future growth in this research domain. Patterns of structure and function in the ventral striatum, frontal regions, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and amygdala are common across addictive disorders and are related to both real-world risky behaviors and self-report measures of negative urgency. We propose that the time has come to move past considering this trait and these disorders as completely separate entities, and instead for the field to consider how general patterns of convergence across these disorders can lead to a more transdiagnostic approach to treatment and intervention. We suggest future work utilize these convergent patterns in the development of animal models of negative urgency, in the identification and testing of prime pharmacological and physiological interventions, and as objective biomarkers to be used when testing behavioral, pharmacological, and physiological intervention effectiveness. Little empirical work has been done to date in these areas and advances in these nascent fields would advance understanding and applications of the neuroscience of negative urgency.
消极紧迫性是一种人格特质，反映了个体在极端负面情绪下做出冲动行为的倾向，被认为是成瘾行为问题水平的一种跨诊断内表型。最近的研究已开始确定消极紧迫性的神经关联，其中许多似乎与与消极紧迫性相关的成瘾性障碍的神经回路重叠。本定性综述的目的是总结关于消极紧迫性神经关联的现有文献，将这些关联与成瘾性障碍的关联进行比较，并提出在治疗和干预方法中利用这些发现的新方法。我们还讨论了该领域目前的局限性，并对该研究领域未来的发展方向提出建议。腹侧纹状体、额叶区域（如前额叶皮质（PFC）和眶额皮质（OFC））以及杏仁核的结构和功能模式在成瘾性障碍中很常见，并且与现实世界中的危险行为以及消极紧迫性的自我报告测量都有关。我们认为，现在是时候不再将这种特质和这些障碍视为完全独立的实体，而是该领域应考虑这些障碍之间的一般趋同模式如何能够导致更具跨诊断性的治疗和干预方法。我们建议未来的工作在消极紧迫性动物模型的开发、主要药理和生理干预的识别和测试以及在测试行为、药理和生理干预效果时用作客观生物标志物方面利用这些趋同模式。迄今为止，在这些领域几乎没有进行实证研究，这些新兴领域的进展将推动对消极紧迫性神经科学的理解和应用。
