Simonyan Kristina
Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
F1000Res. 2019 Jan 30;8. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16524.1. eCollection 2019.
The basal ganglia are a complex subcortical structure that is principally involved in the selection and implementation of purposeful actions in response to external and internal cues. The basal ganglia set the pattern for facilitation of voluntary movements and simultaneous inhibition of competing or interfering movements. In addition, the basal ganglia are involved in the control of a wide variety of non-motor behaviors, spanning emotions, language, decision making, procedural learning, and working memory. This review presents a comparative overview of classic and contemporary models of basal ganglia organization and functional importance, including their increased integration with cortical and cerebellar structures.
基底神经节是一个复杂的皮质下结构，主要参与根据外部和内部线索选择并执行有目的的动作。基底神经节为促进自主运动和同时抑制竞争性或干扰性运动设定模式。此外，基底神经节还参与控制多种非运动行为，包括情绪、语言、决策、程序性学习和工作记忆。本综述对基底神经节组织和功能重要性的经典及当代模型进行了比较性概述，包括它们与皮质和小脑结构日益增强的整合。
