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流感或俄罗斯流感：印第安纳州 1890 年流感疫情的死亡率统计。

La Grippe or Russian influenza: Mortality statistics during the 1890 Epidemic in Indiana.

机构信息

Department of History, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.

出版信息

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2019 May;13(3):279-287. doi: 10.1111/irv.12632. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

DOI:10.1111/irv.12632
PMID:30756469
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6468139/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Russian influenza, which began in late 1889, has long been recognized as a major global epidemic yet available statistical evidence for morbidity and mortality has not been fully examined using historical and epidemiological tools. This study of cases and deaths in Indiana during the extended time period associated with the Russian influenza is the first scholarly effort to determine the number of victims from this influenza outbreak across a broad regional case study in the US.

METHODS

The sources for this study include historical records from the US Census, Annual Reports from the Indiana State Board of Health, and death notices published in newspapers. The available evidence is analyzed using historical and epidemiological methods to determine the consistency of reporting categories, the accuracy of death records, and the applicability of contemporary categories for measuring mortality.

RESULTS

In the 3 years during and following the outbreak of "Russian influenza" in January 1890 in the state of Indiana, approximately 3200 died specifically of this disease while a total of 11 700 died of influenza and other respiratory diseases. These results confirm that extremely widespread influenza contributed to higher than normal death rates by causing additional deaths in related categories, especially pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

More reliable and thorough analysis of morbidity and mortality during the Russian influenza based on systematic and critical review of local, regional, and national statistics can inform contemporary understanding of the long-term history of influenza epidemics.

摘要

背景

始于 1889 年末的俄罗斯流感，长期以来一直被认为是一场重大的全球疫情，但利用历史和流行病学工具，尚未充分检查其发病率和死亡率的现有统计证据。本研究对印第安纳州在与俄罗斯流感相关的延长时间内的病例和死亡情况进行了研究，这是首次利用广泛的美国区域案例研究来确定此次流感爆发的受害者人数的学术研究。

方法

本研究的资料来源包括美国人口普查的历史记录、印第安纳州卫生委员会的年度报告以及报纸上发布的讣告。利用历史和流行病学方法分析现有证据，以确定报告类别是否一致、死亡记录的准确性以及当代类别用于衡量死亡率的适用性。

结果

在印第安纳州 1890 年 1 月爆发“俄罗斯流感”的 3 年期间和之后，约有 3200 人专门死于这种疾病，而共有 11700 人死于流感和其他呼吸道疾病。这些结果证实，广泛传播的流感通过在相关类别中导致额外死亡，特别是肺炎和其他呼吸道疾病，导致死亡率高于正常水平。

结论

通过对地方、地区和国家统计数据进行系统和批判性审查，对俄罗斯流感期间的发病率和死亡率进行更可靠和全面的分析，可以为当代理解流感大流行的长期历史提供信息。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/93c3acc273f0/IRV-13-279-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/4818fc5f7ec0/IRV-13-279-g001.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/2eef85e52b72/IRV-13-279-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/223710a60c32/IRV-13-279-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/d3bbd95ae510/IRV-13-279-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/456ab164d228/IRV-13-279-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/443c08823f1b/IRV-13-279-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/93c3acc273f0/IRV-13-279-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/4818fc5f7ec0/IRV-13-279-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/db61a8e004f6/IRV-13-279-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/2eef85e52b72/IRV-13-279-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/223710a60c32/IRV-13-279-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/d3bbd95ae510/IRV-13-279-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/456ab164d228/IRV-13-279-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/443c08823f1b/IRV-13-279-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/89c7/6468139/93c3acc273f0/IRV-13-279-g008.jpg

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