Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 5;20(3):683. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030683.
The morpho-functional recovery of injured skeletal muscle still represents an unmet need. None of the therapeutic options so far adopted have proved to be resolutive. A current scientific challenge remains the identification of effective strategies improving the endogenous skeletal muscle regenerative program. Indeed, skeletal muscle tissue possesses an intrinsic remarkable regenerative capacity in response to injury, mainly thanks to the activity of a population of resident muscle progenitors called satellite cells, largely influenced by the dynamic interplay established with different molecular and cellular components of the surrounding niche/microenvironment. Other myogenic non-satellite cells, residing within muscle or recruited via circulation may contribute to post-natal muscle regeneration. Unfortunately, in the case of extended damage the tissue repair may become aberrant, giving rise to a maladaptive fibrotic scar or adipose tissue infiltration, mainly due to dysregulated activity of different muscle interstitial cells. In this context, plasma preparations, including Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and more recently Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP), have shown advantages and promising therapeutic perspectives. This review focuses on the contribution of these blood-derived products on repair/regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle, paying particular attention to the potential cellular targets and molecular mechanisms through which these products may exert their beneficial effects.
受伤骨骼肌的形态功能恢复仍然是一个未满足的需求。迄今为止采用的治疗方法没有一种被证明是有效的。目前的科学挑战仍然是确定有效的策略，以改善内源性骨骼肌再生程序。事实上，骨骼肌组织在受到损伤时具有内在的显著再生能力，主要归功于一种称为卫星细胞的常驻肌肉祖细胞的活性，卫星细胞的活性受到周围生态位/微环境中不同分子和细胞成分之间建立的动态相互作用的极大影响。其他存在于肌肉内或通过循环募集的成肌非卫星细胞可能有助于出生后肌肉再生。不幸的是，在损伤扩展的情况下，组织修复可能会变得异常，导致适应性不良的纤维疤痕或脂肪组织浸润，主要是由于不同肌肉间质细胞的活性失调。在这种情况下，包括富含血小板的血浆（PRP）和最近的贫血小板血浆（PPP）在内的血浆制剂已显示出优势和有前途的治疗前景。这篇综述重点介绍了这些血液衍生产品对受损骨骼肌修复/再生的贡献，特别关注这些产品可能发挥其有益作用的潜在细胞靶点和分子机制。
