Westhofen Johannes, Puth Marie-Therese, Steudel Henrike, Münster Eva, Weckbecker Klaus
Institut für Hausarztmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Bonn, Bonn.
Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Informatik und Epidemiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Bonn, Bonn.
Gesundheitswesen. 2020 Mar;82(3):253-259. doi: 10.1055/a-0839-4810. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
For the first time, the level of knowledge and attitude towards vaccinations in general as well as seasonal influenza vaccination of midwife trainees in Germany was assessed.
The cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2017. The written standardized questionnaire was completed by all midwife-trainees in North Rhine-Westphalia. The statistical analysis included frequency tables and multiple logistic regression models.
All of the 10 Schools for Midwifery in North Rhine-Westphalia participated in the survey and 315 questionnaires (response rate: 95.7%) were analyzed. The efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccinations was misjudged by 77.8% and possible adverse events were correctly estimated by only 35.2%. Regarding the safety of the seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy, 56.2% of midwife trainees were not convinced of it. Factors associated with a higher risk for insufficient knowledge regarding the influenza vaccination were age (22-25 years vs. 18-21 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.99 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-3.52)), an inaccurate evaluation of the risk of infection (aOR 3.68 95%-CI 1.85-7.29) and insufficient knowledge of the influenza disease (aOR 1.78 95%-CI 1.04-3.06). By contrast, 76.8% of midwife trainees reported a positive attitude towards vaccinations in general, although 73.3% complained of getting too little information on complications due to vaccines.
The lack of knowledge regarding seasonal influenza vaccination in midwife trainees impedes the expansion of vaccine protection of midwives, pregnant women and newborns. Information campaigns among midwife trainees as well as an evaluation and optimization of teaching units including scientifically validated information seem necessary. Moreover, these findings should encourage physicians to increasingly draw attention to the importance and efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination among all medical professionals.
首次评估德国助产专业实习生对疫苗接种总体以及季节性流感疫苗接种的知识水平和态度。
横断面研究于2017年5月至7月进行。北莱茵 - 威斯特法伦州的所有助产专业实习生均完成了书面标准化问卷。统计分析包括频率表和多元逻辑回归模型。
北莱茵 - 威斯特法伦州的10所助产学校全部参与了调查，共分析了315份问卷（回复率：95.7%）。77.8%的人错误判断了季节性流感疫苗的效力，只有35.2%的人正确估计了可能的不良事件。关于孕期季节性流感疫苗接种的安全性，56.2%的助产专业实习生对此并不信服。与流感疫苗接种知识不足风险较高相关的因素包括年龄（22 - 25岁与18 - 21岁相比，调整优势比（aOR）为1.99，95%置信区间（CI）为1.12 - 3.52））、对感染风险的不准确评估（aOR为3.68，95% - CI为1.85 - 7.29）以及对流感疾病的了解不足（aOR为1.78，95% - CI为1.04 - 3.06）。相比之下，76.8%的助产专业实习生总体上对疫苗接种持积极态度，尽管73.3%的人抱怨关于疫苗并发症的信息太少。
助产专业实习生对季节性流感疫苗接种知识的缺乏阻碍了助产士、孕妇和新生儿疫苗保护范围的扩大。有必要在助产专业实习生中开展宣传活动，并对包括经过科学验证的信息在内的教学单元进行评估和优化。此外，这些发现应促使医生越来越多地让所有医疗专业人员关注季节性流感疫苗接种的重要性和效力。
