Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
Exp Cell Res. 2019 Apr 15;377(1-2):103-108. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.019. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
Tissues are continuously exposed to forces in vivo, whether from fluid pressure in an artery from our blood or compressive forces on joints from our body weight. The forces that cells are exposed to arise almost immediately after conception; it is therefore important to understand how forces shape stem cell differentiation into lineage committed cells, how they help organize cells into tissues, and how forces can cause or exacerbate disease. No tissue is exempt, but cardiovascular tissues in particular are exposed to these forces. While animal models have been used extensively in the past, there is growing recognition of their limitations when modeling disease complexity or human genetics. In this mini review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanical influences on the differentiation of cardiovascular progeny, how the transduction of forces influence the onset of disease, and how engineering approaches applied to this problem have yielded systems that create mature-like human tissues in vitro in which to assess the impact of disease on cell function.
组织在体内不断受到力的作用，无论是来自血液中动脉的流体压力，还是来自我们体重的关节压缩力。细胞所承受的力几乎是在受孕后立即产生的；因此，了解力如何塑造干细胞分化为谱系定向细胞，帮助组织中的细胞如何组织起来，以及力如何导致或加剧疾病，这一点非常重要。没有组织可以豁免，但心血管组织尤其容易受到这些力的影响。虽然过去广泛使用了动物模型，但人们越来越认识到它们在模拟疾病复杂性或人类遗传学方面的局限性。在这篇迷你综述中，我们总结了目前对心血管祖细胞分化的机械影响的理解，力的转导如何影响疾病的发生，以及应用于该问题的工程方法如何产生了类似于成熟的人类组织的体外系统，可用于评估疾病对细胞功能的影响。
