Department of Paediatrics, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, India.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020 Nov;33(22):3841-3848. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1583738. Epub 2019 Mar 5.
The long-held concept of fetus being nurtured in a sterile environment has been challenged by many recent studies that have identified bacterial communities in meconium, amniotic fluid and the placenta concluding that the microbial colonization of fetal gut begins and continues during the first 2 years of life. This microbial colonization of newborn's gut during prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal period depends on multiple factors, e.g. maternal diet, stress, antibiotic exposure, mode of delivery, type of feeding (human milk versus formula), etc., and imparts a critical role in the development of gastrointestinal, immunological, and neural systems in newborns. This article briefly reviews the current state of knowledge of microbiome in the maternal fetal unit and its impact on subsequent neonatal health and diseases.
长期以来，人们一直认为胎儿是在无菌的环境中发育的，但最近的许多研究挑战了这一观点，这些研究在胎粪、羊水和胎盘中发现了细菌群落，得出结论认为胎儿肠道的微生物定植始于生命的头 2 年，并持续到生命的头 2 年。新生儿肠道在产前、产时和产后的微生物定植取决于多种因素，如母亲的饮食、压力、抗生素暴露、分娩方式、喂养方式（人乳与配方奶）等，这对新生儿胃肠道、免疫和神经系统的发育起着关键作用。本文简要综述了母胎单位微生物组的最新知识及其对随后新生儿健康和疾病的影响。
