Phumee Atchara, Buathong Rome, Boonserm Rungfar, Intayot Proawpilart, Aungsananta Nucharat, Jittmittraphap Akanitt, Joyjinda Yutthana, Wacharapluesadee Supaporn, Siriyasatien Padet
Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases-Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, Chulalongkorn Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
Pathogens. 2019 Mar 6;8(1):30. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8010030.
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is an emerging and re-emerging arbovirus disease that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. ZIKV infections were first described in Thailand in 1954 from the sera of indigenous residents and several travelers returning from Thailand in 2014. However, reported cases in Thailand have been increasing since 2015 and 2016, and epidemiological information about the vectors of ZIKV is unclear. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of ZIKV from mosquitoes collected from different geographic regions experiencing ZIKV outbreaks in Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the non-structural protein () gene of ZIKV, which was then sequenced. A total of 1026 mosquito samples (626 females, 367 males, and 33 larvae) were collected from active ZIKV patients' houses. ZIKV was detected in 79 samples (7.7%), including (2.24% female, 1.27% male, and 0.19% larvae), (1.85% female, 1.66% male, and 0.29% larvae), and (0.1% female and 0.1% male), whereas no ZIKV was detected in . Phylogenetic analysis of the 79 positive samples were classified into two clades: Those closely related to a previous report in Thailand, and those related to ZIKV found in the Americas. This is the first report of the detection of ZIKV in , , and mosquitoes, and genetic variations of ZIKV in the mosquitoes collected from several geographic regions of Thailand were examined. Detection of ZIKV in male and larval mosquitoes suggests that vertical transmission of ZIKV occurred in these mosquito species. This study provides a more in-depth understanding of the patterns and epidemiologic data of ZIKV in Thailand; the data could be used for future development of more effective prevention and control strategies of ZIKV in Thailand.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）感染是一种新出现且再度出现的虫媒病毒病，通过受感染蚊子的叮咬传播给人类。1954年在泰国首次从当地居民血清以及2014年从泰国返回的几名旅行者血清中描述了寨卡病毒感染情况。然而，自2015年和2016年以来泰国报告的病例一直在增加，而且关于寨卡病毒传播媒介的流行病学信息尚不清楚。我们调查了从泰国寨卡病毒爆发的不同地理区域收集的蚊子中寨卡病毒的分子流行病学和遗传多样性。采用聚合酶链反应扩增寨卡病毒的非结构蛋白（）基因，然后进行测序。从寨卡病毒活跃患者家中共收集了1026份蚊子样本（626只雌蚊、367只雄蚊和33只幼虫）。在79份样本（7.7%）中检测到寨卡病毒，其中包括（雌蚊2.24%、雄蚊1.27%和幼虫0.19%）、（雌蚊1.85%、雄蚊1.66%和幼虫0.29%）以及（雌蚊0.1%和雄蚊0.1%），而在中未检测到寨卡病毒。对79份阳性样本的系统发育分析分为两个进化枝：与泰国先前报告密切相关的进化枝，以及与在美洲发现的寨卡病毒相关的进化枝。这是在、和蚊子中检测到寨卡病毒的首次报告，并且研究了从泰国几个地理区域收集的蚊子中寨卡病毒的遗传变异。在雄蚊和幼虫蚊子中检测到寨卡病毒表明寨卡病毒在这些蚊种中发生了垂直传播。本研究更深入地了解了泰国寨卡病毒的模式和流行病学数据；这些数据可用于泰国未来制定更有效的寨卡病毒预防和控制策略。
