使用简短图形读写能力量表预测健康行为改变的前兆。
Using the Short Graph Literacy Scale to Predict Precursors of Health Behavior Change.
机构信息
Centre for Decision Research, Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Med Decis Making. 2019 Apr;39(3):183-195. doi: 10.1177/0272989X19829728. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
BACKGROUND
Visual displays can facilitate risk communication and promote better health choices. Their effectiveness in improving risk comprehension is influenced by graph literacy. However, the construct of graph literacy is still insufficiently understood, partially because existing objective measures of graph literacy are either too difficult or too long.
OBJECTIVES
We constructed a new 4-item Short Graph Literacy (SGL) scale and examined how SGL scores relate to key cognitive, affective, and conative precursors of health behavior change described in common health behavior theories.
METHODS
We performed secondary analyses to adapt the SGL scale from an existing 13-item scale. The initial construction was based on data collected in a laboratory setting in Germany ( n = 51). The scale was then validated using data from nationally representative samples in Germany ( n = 495) and the United States ( n = 492). To examine how SGL scores relate to precursors of health behavior change, we performed secondary analyses of a third study involving a nationwide US sample with 47% participants belonging to racial/ethnic minorities and 46% with limited formal education ( n = 835).
RESULTS
Graph literacy was significantly associated with cognitive precursors in theoretically expected ways (e.g., positive associations with risk comprehension and response efficacy and a negative association with cognitive risk perception). Patterns for affective precursors generally mirrored those for cognitive precursors, although numeracy was a stronger predictor than graph literacy for some affective factors (e.g., feelings of risk). Graph literacy had predictive value for most cognitive and affective precursors beyond numeracy. In addition, graph literacy (but not numeracy) predicted key conative precursors such as defensive processing.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that the SGL scale is a fast and psychometrically valid method for measuring objective graph literacy. Our findings also highlight the theoretical and practical relevance of graph literacy.
背景
视觉显示可以促进风险沟通并促进更好的健康选择。它们在提高风险理解方面的有效性受到图形素养的影响。然而，图形素养的结构仍然不够了解，部分原因是现有的图形素养客观测量方法要么太难，要么太长。
目的
我们构建了一个新的 4 项简短图形素养 (SGL) 量表，并研究了 SGL 分数与常见健康行为理论中描述的健康行为改变的关键认知、情感和意志前体之间的关系。
方法
我们进行了二次分析，从现有的 13 项量表中改编 SGL 量表。初始构建基于在德国实验室环境中收集的数据（n = 51）。然后使用来自德国（n = 495）和美国（n = 492）的全国代表性样本的数据验证了该量表。为了研究 SGL 分数与健康行为改变的前体之间的关系，我们对涉及全国性美国样本的第三项研究进行了二次分析，该样本中有 47%的参与者属于种族/族裔少数群体，46%的参与者受正规教育程度有限（n = 835）。
结果
图形素养与理论预期的认知前体显著相关（例如，与风险理解和反应效能呈正相关，与认知风险感知呈负相关）。情感前体的模式通常与认知前体相似，尽管对于某些情感因素（例如风险感），计算能力比图形素养更能预测。除了计算能力之外，图形素养对大多数认知和情感前体都具有预测价值。此外，图形素养（而非计算能力）预测了关键的意志前体，如防御性加工。
结论
我们的数据表明，SGL 量表是一种快速且具有心理测量学有效性的测量客观图形素养的方法。我们的研究结果还强调了图形素养的理论和实际意义。
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