墨西哥西部老年 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性人群中细菌群落、短链脂肪酸和生物标志物的变化。
Alterations in bacterial communities, SCFA and biomarkers in an elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative population in western Mexico.
机构信息
HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
出版信息
BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 7;19(1):234. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-3867-9.
BACKGROUND
The study of stool microbiota has taken great relevance in the last years, given its role in the maintenance of the intestinal metabolic, physiological, and immunological homeostasis, as well as, its effect over HIV biomarkers levels such as CD4/CD8 ratio, high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), related to poor outcomes (rapid progression to AIDS). Several efforts have been made to characterize the gut microbiome. In HIV infection, most of the studies report the presence of a dysbiotic pattern; however, few of them have made an approach in elderly HIV-positive subjects despite the fact that nowadays this subgroup is rising. In this study, we compared the composition of faecal microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), and systemic biomarkers between elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study with 18 HIV-negative controls and 20 HIV-positive patients. The quantification of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium coccoides was performed in faecal samples by qPCR. The analysis was performed by calculating the ΔCq of each microorganism using 16S rDNA as a reference gene. Faecal SCFAs were measured by HPLC. The hs-CRP and sCD14 were performed by ELISA.
RESULTS
An increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, coupled with a significant increase in the proteobacteria phylum was detected in HIV-positive subjects. In contrast, a decrease in the Clostridium leptum group was observed. Nevertheless, these elderly HIV-positive patients showed higher levels of total SCFAs mainly by an augmented propionic acid values, compared to HIV-negative subjects. Whereas high levels of hs-CRP were positively correlated with sCD14 in the HIV-positive group.
CONCLUSIONS
Alterations in bacterial communities reveals a dysbiotic state related to an unbalance of faecal SCFAs. Therefore, these intestinal conditions might drive an increase of poor prognostic biomarkers in elderly HIV-positive subjects.
背景
近年来，粪便微生物组的研究变得非常重要，因为它在维持肠道代谢、生理和免疫平衡方面发挥着重要作用，同时也影响着 HIV 生物标志物的水平，如 CD4/CD8 比值、高敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP），这些都与不良预后（快速进展为艾滋病）有关。人们已经做出了许多努力来描述肠道微生物组。在 HIV 感染中，大多数研究报告存在菌群失调模式；然而，尽管如今这一亚组的人数在增加，但很少有研究针对老年 HIV 阳性患者进行研究。在这项研究中，我们比较了老年 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性受试者粪便微生物群、短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和系统生物标志物的组成。
方法
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了 18 名 HIV 阴性对照者和 20 名 HIV 阳性患者。通过 qPCR 对粪便样本中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、乳杆菌属、肠杆菌科、双歧杆菌属、大肠杆菌、梭状芽胞杆菌属、梭菌属的数量进行了定量分析。通过计算每个微生物的 ΔCq 值，使用 16S rDNA 作为参考基因来进行分析。通过 HPLC 测量粪便 SCFAs。通过 ELISA 测量 hs-CRP 和 sCD14。
结果
在 HIV 阳性者中，检测到厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值增加，同时变形菌门显著增加。相反，梭状芽胞杆菌属的数量减少。然而，与 HIV 阴性组相比，这些老年 HIV 阳性患者的总 SCFAs 水平更高，主要是由于丙酸值增加。而 HIV 阳性组中 hs-CRP 水平与 sCD14 呈正相关。
结论
细菌群落的改变揭示了与粪便 SCFAs 失衡相关的生态失调状态。因此，这些肠道状况可能会导致老年 HIV 阳性患者不良预后生物标志物水平升高。
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