UNIDA-Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Veracruz, Miguel Ángel de Quevedo 2779, 91860, Veracruz, Mexico.
Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
Mycotoxin Res. 2019 May;35(2):207-216. doi: 10.1007/s12550-019-00347-x. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of 23 mycotoxins in beer purchased in Mexico and to assess two exposure scenarios in the Mexican population through beer consumption. Multi-mycotoxin analysis of a total of 61 different beers (132 samples) was carried out using UHPLC-MS/MS equipment. Probability density functions were used to describe mycotoxins contamination. The daily intake of mycotoxins was estimated using a semi-probabilistic approach, applying the Monte Carlo method. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolites (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON)) were the mycotoxins found in higher proportions in contaminated samples. None of the other mycotoxins overpassed the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method. The combined intake of DON and its analogues ranged from 5.24 to 86.59 ng kg bw day, which represent from 1.20 to 19.83% of the DON TDI. The results suggest that depending on the individual consumption of beer and depending on the type of beer, the intake of DON via beer could represent a significant percentage of the tolerable daily intake (TDI).
本研究旨在评估在墨西哥购买的啤酒中 23 种霉菌毒素的发生情况，并通过啤酒消费评估墨西哥人群中的两种暴露情况。使用 UHPLC-MS/MS 设备对总共 61 种不同的啤酒（132 个样本）进行了多毒素分析。概率密度函数用于描述霉菌毒素的污染情况。使用半概率方法，应用蒙特卡罗法估算霉菌毒素的日摄入量。污染样品中发现的霉菌毒素以较高比例存在的是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其代谢物（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷（DON3G）和 3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3ADON））。其他霉菌毒素均未超过方法的定量限（LOQ）。DON 及其类似物的联合摄入量范围为 5.24 至 86.59ngkgbwday，占 DON TDI 的 1.20 至 19.83%。结果表明，根据个人对啤酒的消费情况以及啤酒的种类，通过啤酒摄入的 DON 可能占可耐受每日摄入量（TDI）的很大比例。
