Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
Endocrinology. 2019 May 1;160(5):1247-1261. doi: 10.1210/en.2019-00074.
Much effort has been directed at studying the orexigenic actions of administered ghrelin and the potential effects of the endogenous ghrelin system on food intake, food reward, body weight, adiposity, and energy expenditure. Although endogenous ghrelin's actions on some of these processes remain ambiguous, its glucoregulatory actions have emerged as well-recognized features during extreme metabolic conditions. The blood glucose-raising actions of ghrelin are beneficial during starvation-like conditions, defending against life-threatening falls in blood glucose, but they are seemingly detrimental in obese states and in certain monogenic forms of diabetes, contributing to hyperglycemia. Also of interest, blood glucose negatively regulates ghrelin secretion. This article reviews the literature suggesting the existence of a blood glucose-ghrelin axis and highlights the factors that mediate the glucoregulatory actions of ghrelin, especially during metabolic extremes such as starvation and diabetes.
人们已经投入了大量精力来研究给予的 ghrelin 的食欲刺激作用，以及内源性 ghrelin 系统对食物摄入、食物奖励、体重、肥胖和能量消耗的潜在影响。尽管内源性 ghrelin 在某些过程中的作用仍不明确，但它在极端代谢情况下的糖调节作用已成为公认的特征。ghrelin 的升血糖作用在类似饥饿的情况下是有益的，可以防止血糖危及生命的下降，但在肥胖状态和某些单基因形式的糖尿病中，它们似乎是有害的，导致高血糖。同样值得关注的是，血糖会负调节 ghrelin 的分泌。本文综述了表明存在血糖-ghrelin 轴的文献，并强调了调节 ghrelin 糖调节作用的因素，尤其是在代谢极端情况下，如饥饿和糖尿病。
