Benson Helen, Lucas Cherie, Benrimoj Shalom I, Williams Kylie A
Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Level 4, Building 7, 67 Thomas St, Ultimo, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney Australia, Pharmacy and Bank Building (A15), Science Road, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2019 Apr;41(2):391-407. doi: 10.1007/s11096-019-00808-4. Epub 2019 Mar 16.
Background Pharmacists are increasingly being included as members of general practice primary care teams. To date, there have been few published studies describing the competencies of general practice (GP) pharmacists and establishing their subsequent educational needs. Aim of the review The aim of this literature review is to establish the activities of pharmacists in general practice to inform the development of a comprehensive role description and competency map. Method A systematic literature search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, international pharmaceutical abstracts and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews was conducted from the start of the databases to August 2018. The search focused on studies investigating the roles performed by GP pharmacists. Full text peer-reviewed English language articles were included. A qualitative content analysis of included studies was performed. Two researchers reviewed studies to identify pharmacist roles. Subcategories of roles were then agreed by the research team and used to present the data. GP pharmacist's activities were mapped by two researchers to associated competencies. Any discrepancies between role descriptions and competency maps were resolved in consultation with a third member of the research team. Results The search conducted resulted in 5370 potential articles. Two hundred and twenty-seven full text articles were selected for review resulting in 34 articles that were included for analysis. Seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories and 48 GP pharmacist individual roles were identified. The seven GP pharmacist role sub-categories included medication management, patient examination and screening, chronic disease management, drug information and education, collaboration and liaison, audit and quality assurance and research. All FIP competency domains were included in the GP pharmacist competency map. Competencies related to compounding, dispensing and packaging of medications were not found relevant to the GP Pharmacist role. No roles were mapped to competencies relating to re-imbursement for medicines, procurement, or medication production. All areas of professional and personal competence were relevant to the GP pharmacist role. Conclusion A comprehensive role description and competency map for GP pharmacists is described and may be used to inform future research into the education of GP pharmacists.
背景 药剂师越来越多地被纳入全科初级医疗团队。迄今为止，很少有已发表的研究描述全科药剂师的能力并确定他们随后的教育需求。综述目的 本综述的目的是确定药剂师在全科医疗中的活动，为制定全面的角色描述和能力图谱提供信息。方法 从数据库建立之初到2018年8月，对EMBASE、MEDLINE、国际药学文摘和Cochrane系统评价数据库进行了系统的文献检索。检索重点是调查全科药剂师所履行角色的研究。纳入了经过同行评审的全文英文文章。对纳入的研究进行了定性内容分析。两名研究人员审查研究以确定药剂师的角色。然后研究团队商定了角色的子类别并用于呈现数据。两名研究人员将全科药剂师的活动映射到相关能力。角色描述和能力图谱之间的任何差异通过与研究团队的第三名成员协商解决。结果 所进行的检索产生了5370篇潜在文章。选择了227篇全文文章进行评审，最终纳入34篇文章进行分析。确定了七个全科药剂师角色子类别和48个全科药剂师个人角色。七个全科药剂师角色子类别包括药物管理、患者检查和筛查、慢性病管理、药物信息与教育、协作与联络、审核与质量保证以及研究。所有国际药学联合会能力领域都包含在全科药剂师能力图谱中。与药物调配、分发和包装相关的能力被发现与全科药剂师角色无关。没有角色映射到与药品报销、采购或药物生产相关的能力。所有专业和个人能力领域都与全科药剂师角色相关。结论描述了全科药剂师的全面角色描述和能力图谱，可用于为未来全科药剂师教育研究提供信息。
