Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Viruses. 2019 Mar 19;11(3):280. doi: 10.3390/v11030280.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes respiratory infection in humans, ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. In dromedary camels, the virus only causes a mild infection but it spreads efficiently between animals. Differences in the behavior of the virus observed between individuals, as well as between humans and dromedary camels, highlight the role of host factors in MERS-CoV pathogenesis and transmission. One of these host factors, the MERS-CoV receptor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), may be a critical determinant because it is variably expressed in MERS-CoV-susceptible species as well as in humans. This could partially explain inter- and intraspecies differences in the tropism, pathogenesis, and transmissibility of MERS-CoV. In this review, we explore the role of DPP4 and other host factors in MERS-CoV transmission and pathogenesis-such as sialic acids, host proteases, and interferons. Further characterization of these host determinants may potentially offer novel insights to develop intervention strategies to tackle ongoing outbreaks.
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）是一种人畜共患病病原体，可导致人类呼吸道感染，从无症状到严重肺炎不等。在单峰驼中，该病毒只会引起轻微感染，但在动物之间传播效率很高。在人与人之间以及人与单峰驼之间观察到的病毒行为差异突出了宿主因素在 MERS-CoV 发病机制和传播中的作用。宿主因素之一是 MERS-CoV 受体二肽基肽酶-4（DPP4），它可能是一个关键决定因素，因为它在 MERS-CoV 易感物种以及人类中表达存在差异。这部分解释了 MERS-CoV 嗜性、发病机制和传染性的种间和种内差异。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了 DPP4 和其他宿主因素（如唾液酸、宿主蛋白酶和干扰素）在 MERS-CoV 传播和发病机制中的作用。进一步表征这些宿主决定因素可能为开发应对持续爆发的干预策略提供新的见解。
