Berkes Matthias, Friesen Deanna C, Bialystok Ellen
Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, 1137 Western Road, London, ON, M6G 1G7, Canada.
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2018;33(8):1032-1048. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2018.1446541. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
Two studies investigated how cultural context and familiarity impact lexical access in Korean-English bilingual and English monolingual adults. ERPs were recorded while participants decided whether a word and picture matched or not. Pictures depicted versions of objects that were prototypically associated with North American or Korean culture and named in either English or Korean, creating culturally congruent and incongruent trials. For bilinguals, culturally congruent trials facilitated responding but ERP results showed that images from both cultures were processed similarly. For monolinguals, culturally incongruent pairs produced longer RTs and larger N400s than congruent items, indicating more effortful processing. Thus, an unfamiliar culture impeded linguistic processing for monolinguals but facilitated it for bilinguals familiar with that culture. Study 2 presented images that were more or less familiar and both groups replicated the pattern for monolinguals in Study 1. Therefore, in Study 1 monolinguals responded to familiarity but bilinguals responded to culture.
两项研究调查了文化背景和熟悉程度如何影响韩英双语及英语单语成年人的词汇获取。在参与者判断单词和图片是否匹配时记录了事件相关电位（ERP）。图片描绘了与北美或韩国文化典型相关的物体版本，并以英语或韩语命名，从而创建了文化一致和不一致的试验。对于双语者来说，文化一致的试验促进了反应，但ERP结果表明，来自两种文化的图像处理方式相似。对于单语者来说，文化不一致的配对比一致的项目产生更长的反应时间（RT）和更大的N400，表明处理过程更加费力。因此，不熟悉的文化阻碍了单语者的语言处理，但促进了熟悉该文化的双语者的语言处理。研究2展示了或多或少熟悉的图像，两组都重复了研究1中针对单语者的模式。因此，在研究1中，单语者对熟悉程度做出反应，而双语者对文化做出反应。
