Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.
School of Public Health, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug 1;317(2):C155-C166. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2019. Epub 2019 Mar 27.
Many different subpopulations of subcellular extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described. EVs are released from all cell types and have been shown to regulate normal physiological homeostasis, as well as pathological states by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, organ homing, injury and recovery, as well as disease progression. In this review, we focus on the bidirectional actions of vesicles from normal and diseased cells on normal or leukemic target cells; and on the leukemic microenvironment as a whole. EVs from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can have a healing effect, reversing the malignant phenotype in prostate and colorectal cancer, as well as mitigating radiation damage to marrow. The role of EVs in leukemia and their bimodal cross talk with the encompassing microenvironment remains to be fully characterized. This may provide insight for clinical advances via the application of EVs as potential therapy and the employment of statistical and machine learning models to capture the pleiotropic effects EVs endow to a dynamic microenvironment, possibly allowing for precise therapeutic intervention.
已经描述了许多不同的细胞外囊泡（EV）亚群。EV 由所有细胞类型释放，并通过影响细胞增殖、分化、器官归巢、损伤和恢复以及疾病进展，被证明可以调节正常的生理稳态以及病理状态。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注正常和患病细胞的囊泡对正常或白血病靶细胞的双向作用；以及白血病微环境作为一个整体。人类骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）的 EV 具有治疗作用，可以逆转前列腺癌和结直肠癌的恶性表型，并减轻骨髓辐射损伤。EV 在白血病中的作用及其与周围微环境的双向交流仍有待充分表征。这可能通过将 EV 作为潜在治疗方法的应用以及使用统计和机器学习模型来捕获 EV 赋予动态微环境的多效性效应，为临床进展提供见解，从而实现精确的治疗干预。
