Sellnow Deanna D, Sellnow Timothy L
Professor of Strategic Communication, Nicholson School of Communication, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
J Emerg Manag. 2019 Jan/Feb;17(1):67-78. doi: 10.5055/jem.2019.0399.
Emergency managers are very often the key spokespersons charged with instructing people to take appropriate self-protective actions during natural disasters and other extreme events. Doing so successfully poses unique challenges including, for instance, convincing people to pay attention, translating complex information intelligibly to non-scientific publics, and motivating people to actually take appropriate actions for self-protection. These challenges are complicated further by the uncertainty surrounding many crisis events and the short response time demanded of emergency managers to offer such information and instructions. This manuscript describes the IDEA model for designing efficient and effective instructional risk and crisis communication messages and some of the research that has been conducted to validate its utility. Ultimately, emergency managers can use the IDEA model to design effective instructional messages in short order and educators can use the model in the classroom to teach new professionals to communicate effectively when they face crisis circumstances in the future.
应急管理人员常常是关键发言人，负责指导人们在自然灾害和其他极端事件期间采取适当的自我保护行动。要成功做到这一点面临着独特的挑战，例如，说服人们予以关注，将复杂信息清晰易懂地传达给非专业公众，以及激励人们切实采取适当的自我保护行动。许多危机事件的不确定性以及应急管理人员提供此类信息和指示所需的短响应时间，进一步加剧了这些挑战。本手稿描述了用于设计高效且有效的指导性风险与危机沟通信息的IDEA模型，以及为验证其效用而开展的一些研究。最终，应急管理人员可以使用IDEA模型迅速设计出有效的指导性信息，教育工作者可以在课堂上使用该模型，教导新专业人员在未来面对危机情况时进行有效沟通。
