Gómez-Sanz Elena, Ceballos Sara, Ruiz-Ripa Laura, Zarazaga Myriam, Torres Carmen
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Mar 26;10:485. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00485. eCollection 2019.
Sixty-eight owners and 66 pets, from 43 unrelated pet-owning households were screened for methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), potential cases of MRCoNS interspecies transmission (IT), and persistence. MRCoNS isolates were identified by microbiological and molecular tests. MLST-based phylogenetic analysis was performed in isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using phenotypic and molecular methods. SCC type and the presence of biofilm-related locus was PCR-tested. Isolates suspected for MRCoNS IT cases were subjected to -PFGE analysis and individuals from positive households were followed-up for 1 year for carriage dynamics (every 3 months, T0-T4). Nineteen MRCoNS isolates from owners (27.9%) and 12 from pets (16.7%) were detected, coming from 20 households (46.5%). was predominant (90 and 67% of human and animal strains, respectively), showing high phylogenetic diversity (16 STs among 24 strains). Methicillin-resistant (MRSE) strains belonged to CC5 (75%), CC11 (12.5%), singleton S556 (8.3%), and S560 (4.17%). Significant host-associated differences were observed for resistance to aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol (higher in animal isolates) and tetracycline (higher among human strains). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was common (68.4%) and associated with human strains. Great diversity of and complexes were detected, most strains being non-typeable, followed by SCCIV and V. Over one third of isolates (most from owners), carried the locus, all MRSE CC5. Two sporadic IT cases (T0) were identified in owners and dogs from two households (4.7%), with diverse interspecies-exchanged clones detected along the sampling year, especially in dogs. A comparative analysis of all MRCoNS, with all nasal coagulase positive staphylococci (CoPS) recovered from the same individuals at T0, revealed that CoPS alone was predominant in owners and pets, followed by co-carriage of CoPS and MRCoNS in owners but single MRCoNS in pets. Statistical analyses revealed that owners are more prone to co-carriage and that co-existence of IT cases and co-carriage are positively interrelated. MRCoNS from healthy owners and their pets are genetically heterogeneous MDR strains that are spread in the community. Therefore, pets also contribute to the dissemination of successful human clones. Owner-pet inhabitancy increases the risk for staphylococcal temporal concomitance with its subsequent risk for bacterial infection and genetic exchange.
对来自43个无亲缘关系的养宠家庭的68名主人和66只宠物进行了耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCoNS）、MRCoNS种间传播（IT）潜在病例及持续性的筛查。通过微生物学和分子检测鉴定MRCoNS分离株。对分离株进行基于多位点序列分型（MLST）的系统发育分析。采用表型和分子方法评估抗菌药物敏感性。通过PCR检测葡萄球菌盒式染色体（SCC）类型及生物膜相关基因座的存在情况。对疑似MRCoNS IT病例的分离株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析，并对阳性家庭的个体随访1年以观察携带动态（每3个月，T0 - T4）。在主人中检测到19株MRCoNS分离株（27.9%），宠物中检测到12株（16.7%），来自20个家庭（46.5%）。 占主导地位（分别占人类和动物菌株的90%和67%），显示出高度的系统发育多样性（24株中有16个序列型）。耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）菌株属于CC5（75%）、CC11（12.5%）、单例S556（8.3%）和S560（4.17%）。观察到在对氨基糖苷类、复方新诺明、氯霉素（动物分离株中更高）和四环素（人类菌株中更高）的耐药性方面存在显著的宿主相关差异。多重耐药（MDR）很常见（68.4%）且与人类菌株相关。检测到 复合体和 复合体具有很大的多样性，大多数菌株无法分型，其次是SCCIV和V。超过三分之一的分离株（大多数来自主人）携带 基因座，所有MRSE均为CC5。在两个家庭的主人和狗中鉴定出两例散发性IT病例（T0）（4.7%），在采样年份中检测到多种种间交换克隆，尤其是在狗中。对所有MRCoNS与在T0从同一人身上分离出的所有鼻腔凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌（CoPS）进行比较分析，结果显示，CoPS单独在主人和宠物中占主导地位，但在主人中CoPS和MRCoNS共同携带，而在宠物中仅为单一MRCoNS携带。统计分析表明，主人更容易共同携带，且IT病例与共同携带的共存呈正相关。健康主人及其宠物身上的MRCoNS是在社区中传播的基因异质性MDR菌株。因此，宠物也有助于成功的人类克隆株的传播。主人 - 宠物共居增加了葡萄球菌同时存在的风险，进而增加了细菌感染和基因交换的风险。
