Baykara-Krumme Helen, Milewski Nadja
1Department of Sociology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thüringer Weg 9, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
2Institute of Sociology and Demographic Research, University of Rostock, Ulmenstr. 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
Eur J Popul. 2017 Feb 27;33(3):409-436. doi: 10.1007/s10680-017-9413-9. eCollection 2017 Jul.
In this paper, we examine the fertility behavior of Turkish women in Europe from a context-of-origin perspective. Women with different migration biographies (first-generation, 1.5-generation, second-generation migrants, and return migrants) are compared with "stayer" women from the same regions of origin in Turkey. This approach provides us with new insights into the study of the effects of international migrations. First-, second-, and third-birth transitions are analyzed using data from the 2000 Families Study, which was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in Turkey and in western Europe. The classical hypotheses of disruption, interrelated events, adaptation, socialization, and selectivity/composition are developed with reference to the context-of-origin perspective. To account for socialization and family-related composition effects, we also look at family characteristics. Our findings provide no support for the disruption hypothesis, but suggest that the first-generation migrant women have higher first-birth risks than the stayers. However, this gap can be fully explained by differences in marriage duration. Differences in composition-namely in educational attainment-account for our finding that the second migrant generation has lower first-birth transition rates than the women in Turkey. Except for the number of siblings, the family influence, including the processes of intergenerational transmission, is minor and hardly accounts for the migrant-stayer differences in birth transitions. Most remarkably, the analyses show that the second- and third-birth risks of almost all of the migrant groups are higher than those of the women in Turkey, when individual and family factors are held constant; which suggests that there is a fertility crossover between the origin and the destination contexts.
在本文中，我们从原籍背景的角度审视了欧洲土耳其女性的生育行为。我们将具有不同移民经历的女性（第一代、1.5代、第二代移民以及回流移民）与来自土耳其相同原籍地区的“留守”女性进行了比较。这种方法为我们研究国际移民的影响提供了新的见解。我们使用2000年家庭研究的数据对第一、第二和第三次生育转变进行了分析，该研究于2010年和2011年在土耳其和西欧开展。我们参照原籍背景的视角，阐述了关于生育中断、相关事件、适应、社会化以及选择性/构成等方面的经典假设。为了考量社会化和家庭相关的构成效应，我们还研究了家庭特征。我们的研究结果不支持生育中断假说，但表明第一代移民女性的首次生育风险高于留守女性。然而，这种差距可以通过婚姻持续时间的差异得到充分解释。构成方面的差异，即教育程度的差异，解释了我们所发现的第二代移民的首次生育转变率低于土耳其女性这一现象。除了兄弟姐妹数量外，包括代际传递过程在内的家庭影响较小，几乎无法解释移民与留守女性在生育转变方面的差异。最值得注意的是，分析表明，在个人和家庭因素保持不变的情况下，几乎所有移民群体的第二和第三次生育风险都高于土耳其女性；这表明在原籍和目的地背景之间存在生育交叉现象。
