Panum Group, Bethesda, MD.
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;109(Suppl_7):879S-889S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy321.
Systematic reviews were conducted as part of the USDA and the US Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to examine the relation between complementary feeding and developmental milestones.
The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews examining the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFB), and the types and amounts of CFB consumed, and developmental milestones.
The literature was searched using 4 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) to identify articles that met predetermined criteria for inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted for each included study. The body of evidence for each systematic review was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of evidence was graded.
Three included articles (1 randomized controlled trial; 2 observational studies) examined timing of introduction of CFB. Eight included articles (3 randomized controlled trials; 5 observational studies) examined types and amounts of CFB. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the relation between either timing of CFB introduction or types and amounts of CFB, and developmental milestones.
The ability to draw conclusions about the relationship between complementary feeding and developmental milestones was restricted by an inadequate amount of evidence with potential for issues with reverse causality and wide variation in design, type/age of outcome assessment, exposure assessment, and reported results. Additional research to address these gaps and limitations would be useful.
美国农业部和美国卫生与公众服务部的“怀孕和出生至 24 个月项目”进行了系统评价，以研究补充喂养与发育里程碑之间的关系。
本研究旨在描述系统评价，以检查补充食物和饮料（CFB）的引入时间以及所消耗的 CFB 的类型和数量与发育里程碑之间的关系。
使用 4 个数据库（PubMed、Cochrane、Embase 和 CINAHL）搜索文献，以确定符合纳入标准的文章。对每篇纳入研究进行数据提取和偏倚风险评估。对每个系统评价的证据进行定性综合，以制定结论陈述，并对证据强度进行分级。
三篇文章（1 项随机对照试验；2 项观察性研究）检查了 CFB 引入的时间。八项文章（3 项随机对照试验；5 项观察性研究）检查了 CFB 的类型和数量。关于 CFB 引入的时间或 CFB 的类型和数量与发育里程碑之间的关系，没有足够的证据得出结论。
由于证据不足，可能存在反向因果关系问题，以及设计、结果评估的类型/年龄、暴露评估和报告结果的差异较大，限制了对补充喂养与发育里程碑之间关系的结论能力。解决这些差距和局限性的额外研究将是有用的。
