Species Cultivated in Europe: A New Source of Compounds with Antiacetylcholinesterase, Antihyaluronidase, Anti-DPPH, and Cytotoxic Activities.

Secondary metabolites of the roots of spp. cultivated in Poland, or the bioactivity, are not fully known. The 75% methanol extracts of five spp. (, , , , and ) were examined for the content of polyphenols and phenolic acids as well as for antiacetylcholinesterase, antihyaluronidase, anti-DPPH, and cytotoxic activities. The richest in polyphenols were the roots of (10.4 mg/g DW), while in flavonoids the roots of (6.5 mg/g DW). The richest in phenolic acids occurred the roots of [protocatechuic acid (1865 g/g DE), caffeic acid (244 g/g DE), and -coumaric and ferulic acids (55 g/g DE)]. The highest inhibition of AChE was observed for and (32%), at the concentration of 100 g/0.19 mL of the reaction mixture, while that of Hyal for the roots of (40.7%), at the concentration of 100 g/0.16 mL of the reaction mixture. Among five species tested, the extract exhibited the strongest HL-60 cell line growth's inhibition (IC 270 g/mL). The extracts reduced DPPH in a time-dependent mode, at the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL. After 90 min from 14.7 to 26.2%, DPPHwas reduced. A phytochemical composition and activity of the species, cultivated in Poland, are still under research; however, on the basis of the results obtained, it may be concluded that they may become a source of phytochemicals and be useful for Europe's citizens.