Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3965, Paris, France; Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Microbes Infect. 2018 Oct-Nov;20(9-10):493-500. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.01.005. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
Infectious disease epidemics match wars and natural disasters in their capacity to threaten lives and damage economies. Like SARS previously and Zika recently, the Ebola crisis in 2015 showed how vulnerable the world is to these epidemics, with over 11,000 people dying in the outbreak. In addition to causing immense human suffering, these epidemics particularly affect low- and middle-income countries. Many of these deadly infectious diseases that have epidemic potential can become global health emergencies in the absence of effective vaccines. But very few vaccines against these threats have been developed to create proven medical products. The measles vaccine is an efficient, live attenuated, replicating virus that has been safely administered to 2 billion children over the last 40 years, affording life-long protection after a single dose. Taking advantage of these characteristics, this attenuated virus was transformed into a versatile chimeric or recombinant vaccine vector with demonstrated proof-of-principle in humans and a preclinical track record of rapid adaptability and effectiveness for a variety of pathogens. Clinical trials have shown the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine platform in individuals with preexisting immunity to measles. This review describes the potential of this platform to develop new vaccines against emerging viral diseases.
传染病流行与战争和自然灾害一样，都有可能威胁生命和破坏经济。像之前的 SARS 和最近的寨卡病毒，2015 年的埃博拉危机表明，世界是多么容易受到这些传染病的影响，在疫情爆发期间有超过 11000 人死亡。除了造成巨大的人类痛苦之外，这些传染病尤其影响低收入和中等收入国家。在没有有效疫苗的情况下，许多具有流行潜力的这些致命传染病可能成为全球卫生紧急事件。但是，针对这些威胁，只有极少数疫苗被开发为经过验证的医疗产品。麻疹疫苗是一种有效的、减毒的、复制性病毒，在过去的 40 年里，已经为 20 亿儿童安全接种，单次接种后即可提供终身保护。利用这些特性，这种减毒病毒被转化为一种多功能嵌合或重组疫苗载体，已经在人体中证明了原理，并在临床前记录中显示出对各种病原体具有快速适应性和有效性。临床试验已经表明，这种疫苗平台在对麻疹有预先存在免疫力的个体中是安全和具有免疫原性的。这篇综述描述了该平台开发针对新出现的病毒性疾病的新型疫苗的潜力。
