Almasri Malak, Ahmed Qanta A, Turkestani Abdulhafeez, Memish Ziad A
Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA.
Vet Med Sci. 2019 Aug;5(3):428-434. doi: 10.1002/vms3.169. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
At completion of Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Makkah, pilgrims give thanks for the blessing, and acceptance, of Hajj, marking the end of the pilgrimage by sacrificing an animal and distributing the sacrificial meat to the poor. With over two million Muslims making Hajj, each Hajj, more than 1.2 million heads of cattle: sheep, goats and camels are slaughtered. Over 16 000 abattoir workers work around the clock to sacrifice and process the cattle in keeping with Islamic law and public health guidelines. Because of their proximity to high densities of cattle and cattle meat, Makkah's abattoir workers are at risk of zoonosis. This was a longitudinal study aimed at determining the risk of some zoonotic diseases among male permanent abattoir workers during Hajj. Specifically, seroprevalence of antigens for Brucella, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever (AHF) and Rift Valley Fever (RVF) were determined, among the study participants. An enrolment questionnaire, and a follow-up questionnaire, with provision of 10 mL blood for testing 2 days before intense Hajj animal exposure, up to 20 days after intense animal exposure and between 30 and 42 days after Hajj butchering exposures. While working with livestock, study participants were interrogated on hand hygiene and personal protection. Eighty male permanent abattoir workers participated in the study. Majority, 96.25% (n = 77) declared washing their hands with soap and water, most 98.75% (n = 79) never used eye protection, few occupational workers dressed in personal protective clothing or footwear. All workers tested negative for CCHF and RVF, one was positive for AHF and six for Brucella. The risk of some zoonotic infections like Brucella and AHF is low among permanent occupational workers in the slaughtering house in Makkah during Hajj 2013. No serological evidence for CCHF and RVF viruses, even though workers showed low compliance with use of personnel protective equipment.
在完成前往麦加的伊斯兰朝觐后，朝圣者感恩朝觐带来的福祉与被接纳，通过宰杀牲畜并将肉分发给穷人来标志朝觐结束。每年有超过两百万穆斯林进行朝觐，每次朝觐要宰杀超过120万头牲畜：绵羊、山羊和骆驼。超过16000名屠宰场工人夜以继日地工作，按照伊斯兰法律和公共卫生准则宰杀并处理牲畜。由于靠近高密度的牲畜和畜肉，麦加的屠宰场工人面临人畜共患病风险。这是一项纵向研究，旨在确定朝觐期间男性长期屠宰场工人感染某些人畜共患病的风险。具体而言，在研究参与者中测定了布鲁氏菌、克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）、阿尔胡尔马出血热（AHF）和裂谷热（RVF）抗原的血清阳性率。在朝觐期间强烈接触牲畜前2天、强烈接触牲畜后长达20天以及朝觐屠宰接触后30至42天，发放一份登记问卷和一份后续问卷，并提供10毫升血液用于检测。在与牲畜打交道时，对研究参与者进行了手部卫生和个人防护方面的询问。80名男性长期屠宰场工人参与了该研究。大多数人，96.25%（n = 77）宣称用肥皂和水洗手，大部分人，98.75%（n = 79）从未使用过眼部防护，很少有职业工人穿着个人防护服或鞋类。所有工人CCHF和RVF检测均为阴性，1人AHF呈阳性，6人布鲁氏菌呈阳性。在2013年朝觐期间，麦加屠宰场的长期职业工人感染布鲁氏菌和AHF等一些人畜共患感染的风险较低。尽管工人在使用个人防护设备方面依从性较低，但没有CCHF和RVF病毒的血清学证据。
