Vancini Rodrigo Luiz, Nikolaidis Pantelis Theodoros, Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de, Vancini-Campanharo Cássia Regina, Viana Ricardo Borges, Dos Santos Andrade Marilia, Rosemann Thomas, Knechtle Beat
Center for Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075810, Brazil.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2019 Apr 24;8(4):556. doi: 10.3390/jcm8040556.
The sudden cardiac arrest (CA) and death of athletes are dramatic and emotionally impacting events for health professionals, family, and society. Although the practice of sport participation improves general health, physical fitness, and quality of life, intense physical exercise can be a trigger for CA and sudden death occasionally in the presence of known or unknown cardiac disorders (mainly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) and risk factors (environment, health style, family, and genetic). The present review found that sudden death associated with CA was not such a common event in competitive athletes, but it might be an underestimated event in recreational athletes. Thus, considering the exponential increase in sport participation, both in a recreational or competitive way, and the rate of sudden CA, knowledge of implementing prevention and treatment strategies is crucial. This includes preparation of health professionals and lay people in basic life support (BLS); screening and pre-participation assessment in sport programs and health education; and promotion for the recognition of CA and early completion of BLS and rapid access to automatic external defibrillator to improve the victim survival/prognosis. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide for health professionals and lay people the most updated information, based on current guidelines, of how to proceed in an emergency situation associated with sudden CA of young adult athletes.
运动员的心脏骤停（CA）和死亡对健康专业人员、家庭及社会来说都是极具戏剧性且在情感上产生冲击的事件。尽管参与体育运动能改善总体健康、身体素质和生活质量，但在存在已知或未知心脏疾病（主要是肥厚型心肌病）及风险因素（环境、健康方式、家族和遗传）的情况下，剧烈体育锻炼偶尔可能引发心脏骤停和猝死。本综述发现，与心脏骤停相关的猝死在竞技运动员中并非常见事件，但在业余运动员中可能是一个被低估的事件。因此，鉴于以休闲或竞技方式参与体育运动的人数呈指数增长，以及心脏骤停的发生率，了解实施预防和治疗策略至关重要。这包括对健康专业人员和普通民众进行基本生命支持（BLS）培训；在体育项目中进行筛查和参与前评估以及健康教育；并推广对心脏骤停的识别以及尽早完成基本生命支持并快速获取自动体外除颤器以改善受害者的生存/预后。因此，本综述的目的是根据当前指南，为健康专业人员和普通民众提供有关如何应对年轻成年运动员突发心脏骤停紧急情况的最新信息。
