Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019 May 1;32(3). doi: 10.1128/CMR.00103-18. Print 2019 Jun 19.
Prenatal exposure to various stressors can influence both early and later life childhood health. Microbial infection of the intrauterine environment, specifically within the placenta, has been associated with deleterious birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, as well as adverse neurological outcomes later in life. The relationships among microorganisms in the placenta, placental function, and fetal development are not well understood. Microorganisms have been associated with perinatal inflammatory responses that have the potential for disrupting fetal brain development. Microbial presence has also been associated with epigenetic modifications in the placenta, as well other tissues. Here we review research detailing the presence of microorganisms in the placenta and associations among such microorganisms, placental DNA methylation, perinatal inflammation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
产前暴露于各种应激源会影响儿童早期和后期的健康。子宫内环境（特别是胎盘）的微生物感染与不良的出生结局有关，如早产，以及以后的神经发育不良。胎盘内微生物、胎盘功能和胎儿发育之间的关系尚不清楚。微生物与围产期炎症反应有关，这种炎症反应有可能破坏胎儿大脑发育。微生物的存在也与胎盘以及其他组织中的表观遗传修饰有关。在这里，我们回顾了详细描述胎盘内微生物存在以及这些微生物、胎盘 DNA 甲基化、围产期炎症和神经发育结局之间关联的研究。
