Comello Stephen, Reichelstein Stefan
Stanford Graduate School of Business, 655 Knight Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
University of Mannheim, Schloss, Ostfluegel, Mannheim, 68131, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2019 May 2;10(1):2038. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09988-z.
Energy storage will be key to overcoming the intermittency and variability of renewable energy sources. Here, we propose a metric for the cost of energy storage and for identifying optimally sized storage systems. The levelized cost of energy storage is the minimum price per kWh that a potential investor requires in order to break even over the entire lifetime of the storage facility. We forecast the dynamics of this cost metric in the context of lithium-ion batteries and demonstrate its usefulness in identifying an optimally sized battery charged by an incumbent solar PV system. Applying the model to residential solar customers in Germany, we find that behind-the-meter storage is economically viable because of the large difference between retail rates and current feed-in tariffs. In contrast, investment incentives for battery systems in California derive principally from a state-level subsidy program.
能量存储将是克服可再生能源间歇性和多变性的关键。在此，我们提出一种用于衡量能量存储成本以及确定最优规模存储系统的指标。能量存储的平准化成本是潜在投资者为使存储设施在其整个寿命周期内实现收支平衡而要求的每千瓦时最低价格。我们在锂离子电池的背景下预测了这一成本指标的动态变化，并证明了其在确定由现有太阳能光伏系统充电的最优规模电池方面的有用性。将该模型应用于德国的住宅太阳能客户，我们发现电表后存储在经济上是可行的，因为零售电价与当前上网电价之间存在巨大差异。相比之下，加利福尼亚州电池系统的投资激励主要来自州一级的补贴计划。
