State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Int J Oral Sci. 2019 May 9;11(2):15. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0048-z.
Tooth decay is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures, both of which are related to demineralization. There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization functions. This article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). PAMAM was excellent nucleation template, and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate remineralization. NACP composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release capabilities. PAMAM+NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates, superior acid-neutralization, and ions release. Therefore, the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP alone. PAMAM+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ions. Besides, the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was established. After prolonged fluid challenge, the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral regeneration. Furthermore, the hardness of pre-demineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin, indicating a complete remineralization. Therefore, the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization, hardness increase, and caries-inhibition capabilities.
龋齿很常见，继发性龋齿会导致修复失败，两者都与脱矿有关。因此，迫切需要开发具有再矿化功能的新型治疗材料。本文代表了聚酰胺-胺（PAMAM）与无定形磷酸钙纳米颗粒（NACP）的前沿研究的首次综述。PAMAM 是一种出色的成核模板，可以通过其官能团吸收钙（Ca）和磷酸盐（P）离子来激活再矿化。NACP 复合材料和胶黏剂具有中和酸和释放 Ca 和 P 离子的能力。PAMAM+NACP 共同表现出协同作用，产生三重效益：出色的成核模板、卓越的中和酸和离子释放能力。因此，与单独使用 PAMAM 或 NACP 相比，PAMAM+NACP 具有更大的再矿化能力。PAMAM+NACP 甚至可以在没有任何初始 Ca 和 P 离子的酸性溶液中实现牙本质再矿化。此外，还建立了 PAMAM+NACP 的长期再矿化能力。经过长时间的流体挑战，重新加载 NACP 的浸泡 PAMAM 仍能诱导有效的牙本质矿化再生。此外，预先脱矿的牙本质的硬度恢复到健康牙本质的硬度，表明完全再矿化。因此，新型 PAMAM+NACP 方法有望提供长期的治疗效果，包括牙齿再矿化、硬度增加和抑制龋齿的能力。
