Ghramh Hamed A, Khan Khalid Ali, Ibrahim Essam H, Setzer William N
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 May 18;9(5):765. doi: 10.3390/nano9050765.
The purpose of this study was to explore the collective biological properties of ethanol leaf extract (RcExt) and extract-fabricated gold nanoparticles (RcExt-AuNPs). AuNPs were synthesized using RcExt. Fingerprint data of the biochemicals putatively found in RcExt were obtained using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-visible (HPLC/UV-VIS) analyses. RcExt-AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier- transform infrared radiation (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic activity on the Hela and HepG2 tumor cell lines was tested through cell viability, antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens through a well diffusion assay, hemolytic activity on red blood cells through absorbance reading, and stimulatory/inhibitory effects on splenic cells by cell viability. AuNPs of 200 nm size were synthesized. GC-MS/MS analysis revealed 12 peaks and HPLC/UV-VIS analysis resulted in 18, 13, and five peaks at the wavelengths of 220, 254, and 300 nm, respectively. Cytotoxicity screening revealed that RcExt had stimulatory effects (6.08%) on Hela cells and an inhibitory effect (-28.33%) on HepG2 cells, whereas RcExt-AuNPs showed inhibitory effects (-58.64% and -42.74%) on Hela and HepG2 cells, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of RcExt-AuNPs against tested pathogens was significantly higher (average diameters of inhibition zones were higher (ranging from 9.33 mm to 16.33 mm)) than those of RcExt (ranging from 6.00 mm to 7.33 mm). RcExt and RcExt-AuNPs showed 4.15% and 100% lytic effects, respectively. Inhibitory effects on splenic cells for RcExt-AuNPs were observed to be significantly higher (-30.56% to -72.62%) than those of RcExt (-41.55% to -62.25%) between concentrations of 25 to 200 µg/mL. RcExt-AuNPs were inhibitory against HepG2 and Hela cells, while RcExt inhibited HepG2 but stimulated Hela cells. RcExt-AuNPs showed comparatively more antimicrobial activity. RcExt was safe while RcExt-AuNPs harmful to red blood cells (RBCs). RcExt and RcExt-AuNPs showed inhibitory effects on splenic cells irrespective of dose.
本研究的目的是探索乙醇叶提取物（RcExt）和提取物制备的金纳米颗粒（RcExt-AuNPs）的集体生物学特性。使用RcExt合成了金纳米颗粒。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS/MS）和高效液相色谱/紫外-可见光谱（HPLC/UV-VIS）分析获得了RcExt中可能存在的生化物质的指纹数据。通过紫外-可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外辐射（FTIR）光谱对RcExt-AuNPs进行了表征。通过细胞活力测试了对Hela和HepG2肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒性活性，通过平板扩散法测试了对细菌和真菌病原体的抗菌活性，通过吸光度读数测试了对红细胞的溶血活性，并通过细胞活力测试了对脾细胞的刺激/抑制作用。合成了尺寸为200 nm的金纳米颗粒。GC-MS/MS分析显示有12个峰，HPLC/UV-VIS分析在220、254和300 nm波长处分别产生了18、13和5个峰。细胞毒性筛选显示，RcExt对Hela细胞有刺激作用（6.08%），对HepG2细胞有抑制作用（-28.33%），而RcExt-AuNPs对Hela和HepG2细胞分别显示出抑制作用（-58.64%和-42.74%）。RcExt-AuNPs对受试病原体的抗菌活性显著高于RcExt（抑制圈平均直径更高，范围为9.33 mm至16.33 mm）（范围为6.00 mm至7.33 mm）。RcExt和RcExt-AuNPs分别显示出4.15%和100%的溶血作用。在25至200 µg/mL浓度之间，观察到RcExt-AuNPs对脾细胞的抑制作用显著高于RcExt（-30.56%至-72.62%）（-41.55%至-62.25%）。RcExt-AuNPs对HepG2和Hela细胞有抑制作用，而RcExt抑制HepG2但刺激Hela细胞。RcExt-AuNPs显示出相对更强的抗菌活性。RcExt是安全的，而RcExt-AuNPs对红细胞（RBCs）有害。RcExt和RcExt-AuNPs无论剂量如何都对脾细胞有抑制作用。
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