Lazarow P B
Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.
J Inherit Metab Dis. 1987;10 Suppl 1:11-22. doi: 10.1007/BF01812843.
Peroxisomes, which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, carry out several important functions in cellular metabolism. Production of alkylglycerol-3-phosphate, a key intermediate in the synthesis of plasmalogens and other ether lipids, occurs in the peroxisome. A fatty acid beta-oxidation system with significant differences from mitochondrial beta-oxidation is also found in the peroxisomes; the acetyl-CoA produced is used for synthetic reactions. This pathway has a particularly important physiological role in the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids and the side chain of cholesterol. Peroxisomes also possess a number of oxidases that produce H2O2 which is decomposed by peroxisomal catalase. The function of this peroxisomal respiratory pathway is disposal of excess reducing equivalents, protection of the cell against H2O2 and possibly a role in thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Other peroxisomal functions include a role in gluconeogenesis and in purine and polyamine catabolism. Some enzymes of peroxisomes can be induced by dietary, hormonal and other physiological changes. The entire organelle proliferates under certain of these conditions.
过氧化物酶体广泛分布于哺乳动物组织中，在细胞代谢中发挥着多种重要功能。烷基甘油-3-磷酸是缩醛磷脂和其他醚脂合成中的关键中间体，其生成发生在过氧化物酶体中。过氧化物酶体中还存在一种与线粒体β氧化有显著差异的脂肪酸β氧化系统；产生的乙酰辅酶A用于合成反应。该途径在极长链脂肪酸和胆固醇侧链的氧化中具有特别重要的生理作用。过氧化物酶体还拥有多种氧化酶，可产生过氧化氢，而过氧化氢酶可将其分解。此过氧化物酶体呼吸途径的功能是处理多余的还原当量，保护细胞免受过氧化氢的伤害，并且可能在棕色脂肪组织的产热过程中发挥作用。过氧化物酶体的其他功能包括在糖异生以及嘌呤和多胺分解代谢中的作用。过氧化物酶体的一些酶可由饮食、激素和其他生理变化诱导产生。在某些情况下，整个细胞器会增殖。
