Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019 Sep;15(9):559-575. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0163-2. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
Following strong activation signals, several types of immune cells reportedly release chromatin and granular proteins into the extracellular space, forming DNA traps. This process is especially prominent in neutrophils but also occurs in other innate immune cells such as macrophages, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. Initial reports demonstrated that extracellular traps belong to the bactericidal and anti-fungal armamentarium of leukocytes, but subsequent studies also linked trap formation to a variety of human diseases. These pathological roles of extracellular DNA traps are now the focus of intensive biomedical research. The type of pathology associated with the release of extracellular DNA traps is mainly determined by the site of trap formation and the way in which these traps are further processed. Targeting the formation of aberrant extracellular DNA traps or promoting their efficient clearance are attractive goals for future therapeutic interventions, but the manifold actions of extracellular DNA traps complicate these approaches.
在强烈的激活信号作用下，据报道，几种类型的免疫细胞将染色质和颗粒蛋白释放到细胞外空间，形成 DNA 陷阱。这一过程在中性粒细胞中尤为明显，但也发生在其他先天免疫细胞中，如巨噬细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞。最初的报告表明，细胞外陷阱属于白细胞的杀菌和抗真菌武器库，但随后的研究也将陷阱的形成与多种人类疾病联系起来。细胞外 DNA 陷阱的这些病理作用现在是密集的生物医学研究的重点。与细胞外 DNA 陷阱释放相关的病理类型主要取决于陷阱形成的部位以及进一步处理这些陷阱的方式。针对异常细胞外 DNA 陷阱的形成或促进其有效清除是未来治疗干预的有吸引力的目标，但细胞外 DNA 陷阱的多种作用使这些方法变得复杂。
