不同地理区域健康人类肠道微生物群的肠型变化
Enterotype Variations of the Healthy Human Gut Microbiome in Different Geographical Regions.
作者信息
Mobeen Fauzul, Sharma Vikas, Tulika Prakash
机构信息
School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand 175005, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
出版信息
Bioinformation. 2018 Dec 29;14(9):560-573. doi: 10.6026/97320630014560. eCollection 2018.
Enterotypes are used for classifying individuals based on the gut microbiome. A number of studies are available to find the Enterotypes in healthy individuals; however, most of them lack comparisons at the world level. We analyzed the healthy human gut microbiomes of 495 datasets available in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) database derived from fifteen countries from four continents. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two most abundant phyla in the healthy human gut, worldwide. A high ratio of Proteobacteriato Actinobacteria and a low abundance of Prevotella were identified as the indicators of IBD. Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium were identified as the Enterotypes in the inter-continental comparisons. At the intra-continental level, two (Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae), four (Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Clostridiales), and two (Prevotella, Bacteroides/Bifidobacterium) Enterotypes were identified in the American, European, and Asian continents, respectively. In addition, a high abundance of the unknown genus of Ruminococcaeae was observed in the Colombian human gut microbiome. A substantial impact of the geographical distance was observed on human gut microbiome variations, demonstrating a cumulative effect of factors, including dietary habits, genetics, lifestyle, environment, and climate, etc.
肠型用于基于肠道微生物群对个体进行分类。有许多研究可用于在健康个体中寻找肠型;然而,其中大多数缺乏全球层面的比较。我们分析了欧洲核苷酸档案库(ENA)数据库中来自四大洲15个国家的495个数据集的健康人类肠道微生物群。在全球范围内,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是健康人类肠道中最丰富的两个菌门。变形菌门与放线菌门的高比例以及普氏菌属的低丰度被确定为炎症性肠病的指标。在洲际比较中,普氏菌属、拟杆菌属和双歧杆菌属被确定为肠型。在洲际层面,美洲、欧洲和亚洲大陆分别确定了两种(拟杆菌属和瘤胃球菌科)、四种(粪杆菌属、拟杆菌属、普氏菌属和梭菌目)和两种(普氏菌属、拟杆菌属/双歧杆菌属)肠型。此外,在哥伦比亚人的肠道微生物群中观察到瘤胃球菌科未知属的高丰度。观察到地理距离对人类肠道微生物群变异有重大影响,表明饮食习惯、遗传学、生活方式、环境和气候等因素具有累积效应。