Electroconductive hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Electroconductive hydrogels (EHs), combining both the biomimetic features of hydrogels and the electrochemical properties of conductive polymers and carbon-based materials, have received immense considerations over the past decade. The three-dimensional porous structure, hydrophilic properties, and regulatable chemical and physical properties of EH resemble the extracellular matrix in tissues, enable EHs a good matrix for cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Different from nonconductive hydrogels, EHs possess high electrical conductivity and electrochemical redox properties, which can be utilized to detect electric signals generated in biological systems, and also to supply electrical stimulation to regulate the activity and function of cells and tissues. Hence, this article provides a summary of the new development of EH for biomedical applications in the decade. We give a brief introduction of the design and synthesis of EHs, as well as current applications of EHs in biomedical fields, including cell culture, tissue engineering, drug delivery and controlled release, biosensors, and implantable bioelectronics. The development trends and challenges of EHs for biomedical applications are also discussed. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.