Barwich Ann-Sophie
Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jun 12;10:1337. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01337. eCollection 2019.
Does the sense of smell involve the perception of odor objects? General discussion of perceptual objecthood centers on three criteria: stimulus representation, perceptual constancy, and figure-ground segregation. These criteria, derived from theories of vision, have been applied to olfaction in recent philosophical debates about psychology. An inherent problem with such framing of olfactory objecthood is that philosophers explicitly ignore the constitutive factors of the sensory systems that underpin the implementation of these criteria. The biological basis of odor coding is fundamentally different from the coding principles of the visual system. This article analyzes the three measures of perceptual objecthood against the biological background of the olfactory system. It contrasts the coding principles in olfaction with the visual system to show why these criteria of objecthood fail to be instantiated in odor perception. The argument demonstrates that olfaction affords perceptual categorization without the need to form odor objects.
嗅觉是否涉及对气味对象的感知？关于感知对象性的一般讨论集中在三个标准上：刺激表征、感知恒常性和图形-背景分离。这些源自视觉理论的标准，在最近关于心理学的哲学辩论中已被应用于嗅觉。这种对嗅觉对象性的框架存在一个内在问题，即哲学家们明确忽略了支撑这些标准实施的感觉系统的构成因素。气味编码的生物学基础与视觉系统的编码原则根本不同。本文在嗅觉系统的生物学背景下分析了感知对象性的三个衡量标准。它将嗅觉中的编码原则与视觉系统进行对比，以说明为什么这些对象性标准无法在气味感知中得到体现。该论点表明，嗅觉提供了感知分类，而无需形成气味对象。
