Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
Sci Rep. 2019 Jul 4;9(1):9718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46142-7.
A better knowledge of the bovine milk proteome and its main drivers is a prerequisite for the modulation of bioactive proteins in milk for human nutrition, as well as for the discovery of biomarkers that are useful in husbandry and veterinary medicine. Milk composition is affected by lactation stage and reflects, in part, the energy balance of dairy cows. We aggregated the cow milk proteins reported in 20 recent proteomics publications to produce an atlas of 4654 unique proteins. A multistep assessment was applied to the milk proteome datasets according to lactation stages and milk fractions, including annotations, pathway analysis and literature mining. Fifty-nine proteins were exclusively detected in milk from early lactation. Among them, we propose six milk proteins as putative biomarkers of negative energy balance based on their implication in metabolic adaptative pathways. These proteins are PCK2, which is a gluconeogenic enzyme; ACAT1 and IVD, which are involved in ketone metabolism; SDHA and UQCRC1, which are related to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; and LRRC59, which is linked to mammary gland cell proliferation. The cellular origin of these proteins warrants more in-depth research but may constitute part of a molecular signature for metabolic adaptations typical of early lactation.
更好地了解牛乳蛋白质组及其主要驱动因素，是调节牛乳中生物活性蛋白质以用于人类营养的前提，也是发现对畜牧业和兽医有用的生物标志物的前提。乳成分受泌乳期的影响，并在一定程度上反映了奶牛的能量平衡。我们汇总了 20 篇近期蛋白质组学研究的牛乳蛋白质报告，生成了 4654 种独特蛋白质的图谱。根据泌乳阶段和乳成分，我们对牛乳蛋白质组数据集进行了多步骤评估，包括注释、途径分析和文献挖掘。有 59 种蛋白质仅在泌乳早期的牛乳中被检测到。其中，我们基于它们在代谢适应途径中的作用，提出了 6 种牛乳蛋白质作为负能平衡的潜在生物标志物。这些蛋白质包括：PCK2，是一种糖异生酶；ACAT1 和 IVD，参与酮代谢；SDHA 和 UQCRC1，与线粒体氧化代谢有关；LRRC59，与乳腺细胞增殖有关。这些蛋白质的细胞来源需要更深入的研究，但可能构成早期泌乳期典型代谢适应的分子特征的一部分。
