Ocejo Medelin, Oporto Beatriz, Hurtado Ana
NEIKER - Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park 812L, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
Pathogens. 2019 Jul 8;8(3):98. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8030098.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014-2016 in 301 ruminant herds to estimate and prevalence, and investigate their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Risk of shedding was higher in cattle than sheep (81.2% vs. 45.2%; OR = 5.22, < 0.001), whereas risk of shedding was higher in sheep than in cattle (19.1% vs. 11.3%; OR = 1.71, = 0.128). Susceptibility to six antimicrobials was determined by broth microdilution using European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) epidemiological cut-off values. exhibited higher resistance (94.1%, 32/34) than (65.1%, 71/109), and resistance was more widespread in isolates from dairy cattle than beef cattle or sheep. Compared to results obtained 10-years earlier (2003-2005) in a similar survey, an increase in fluoroquinolone-resistance was observed in from beef cattle (32.0% to 61.9%; OR = 3.45, = 0.020), and a decrease in tetracycline-resistance in from dairy cattle (75.0% to 43.2%; OR = 0.25, = 0.026). Resistance to macrolides remained stable at low rates and restricted to from dairy cattle, with all macrolide-resistant showing a pattern of pan-resistance. Presence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated to quinolone and macrolide resistance was confirmed in all phenotypically resistant isolates. The increase in fluoroquinolone resistance is worrisome but susceptibility to macrolides is reassuring.
2014年至2016年，在301个反刍动物畜群中进行了一项横断面调查，以估计患病率，并调查它们对抗微生物药物的敏感性。牛 shedding 的风险高于绵羊（81.2%对45.2%；OR = 5.22，< 0.001），而 shedding 的风险在绵羊中高于牛（19.1%对11.3%；OR = 1.71， = 0.128）。使用欧洲抗菌药物敏感性测试委员会（EUCAST）的流行病学临界值，通过肉汤微量稀释法测定了对六种抗菌药物的敏感性。 表现出比 更高的耐药性（94.1%，32/34），而 为（65.1%，71/109），并且奶牛分离株中的耐药性比肉牛或绵羊中更普遍。与10年前（2003年至2005年）在类似调查中获得的结果相比，肉牛中 对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性有所增加（从32.0%增至61.9%；OR = 3.45， = 0.020），而奶牛中 对四环素的耐药性有所下降（从75.0%降至43.2%；OR = 0.25， = 0.026）。对大环内酯类药物的耐药性保持在低水平且稳定，仅限于奶牛中的 ，所有对大环内酯类药物耐药的 均表现出泛耐药模式。在所有表型耐药的分离株中均证实存在与喹诺酮和大环内酯耐药相关的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。氟喹诺酮耐药性的增加令人担忧，但对大环内酯类药物的敏感性令人放心。
