Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2022 Oct;110(10):1695-1721. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37417. Epub 2022 Jun 28.
Graphene-based nanocomposites have recently attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering because of their extraordinary features. These biocompatible substances, in the presence of an apt microenvironment, can stimulate and sustain the growth and differentiation of stem cells into different lineages. This review discusses the characteristics of graphene and its derivatives, such as their excellent electrical signal transduction, carrier mobility, outstanding mechanical strength with improving surface characteristics, self-lubrication, antiwear properties, enormous specific surface area, and ease of functional group modification. Moreover, safety issues in the application of graphene and its derivatives in terms of biocompatibility, toxicity, and interaction with immune cells are discussed. We also describe the applicability of graphene-based nanocomposites in tissue healing and organ regeneration, particularly in the bone, cartilage, teeth, neurons, heart, skeletal muscle, and skin. The impacts of special textural and structural characteristics of graphene-based nanomaterials on the regeneration of various tissues are highlighted. Finally, the present review gives some hints on future research for the transformation of these exciting materials in clinical studies.
基于石墨烯的纳米复合材料由于其非凡的特性，最近在组织工程中引起了越来越多的关注。这些生物相容性物质在适当的微环境存在下，可以刺激和维持干细胞向不同谱系的生长和分化。本文讨论了石墨烯及其衍生物的特性，如优异的电信号转导、载流子迁移率、出色的机械强度和改善的表面特性、自润滑性、抗磨性能、巨大的比表面积以及易于进行官能团修饰。此外，还讨论了石墨烯及其衍生物在生物相容性、毒性和与免疫细胞相互作用方面的安全性问题。我们还描述了基于石墨烯的纳米复合材料在组织愈合和器官再生中的适用性，特别是在骨骼、软骨、牙齿、神经元、心脏、骨骼肌和皮肤中。强调了基于石墨烯的纳米材料的特殊质地和结构特性对各种组织再生的影响。最后，本综述就这些令人兴奋的材料在临床研究中的转化提出了一些未来研究的建议。
