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局部切除的 T1 直肠肿瘤:需要专门的监测方案。

Locally Excised T1 Rectal Cancers: Need for Specialized Surveillance Protocols.

机构信息

Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Division of Gastrointestinal & Laparoscopic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

出版信息

Dis Colon Rectum. 2019 Sep;62(9):1055-1062. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001439.

DOI:10.1097/DCR.0000000000001439
PMID:31318766
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Local excision of T1 rectal cancers helps avoid major surgery, but the frequency and pattern of recurrence may be different than for patients treated with total mesorectal excision.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate pattern, frequency, and means of detection of recurrence in a closely followed cohort of patients with locally excised T1 rectal cancer.

DESIGN

This study is a retrospective review.

SETTINGS

Patients treated by University of Minnesota-affiliated physicians, 1994 to 2014, were selected.

PATIENTS

Patients had pathologically confirmed T1 rectal cancer treated with local excision and had at least 3 months of follow-up.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients underwent local excision of T1 rectal cancer, followed by multimodality follow-up with physical examination, CEA, CT, endorectal ultrasound, and proctoscopy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The primary outcomes measured were the presence of local recurrence and the means of detection of recurrence.

RESULTS

A total of 114 patients met the inclusion criteria. The local recurrence rate was 11.4%, and the rate of distant metastasis was 2.6%. Local recurrences occurred up to 7 years after local excision. Of the 14 patients with recurrence, 10 of the recurrences were found by ultrasound and/or proctoscopy rather than by traditional methods of surveillance such as CEA or imaging. Of these 10 patients, 4 had an apparent scar on proctoscopy, and ultrasound alone revealed findings concerning for recurrent malignancy. One had recurrent malignancy demonstrated on ultrasound, but no concurrent proctoscopy was performed.

LIMITATIONS

This was a retrospective review, and the study was conducted at an institution where endorectal ultrasound is readily available.

CONCLUSIONS

Locally excised T1 rectal cancers should have specific surveillance guidelines distinct from stage I cancers treated with total mesorectal excision. These guidelines should incorporate a method of local surveillance that should be extended beyond the traditional 5-year interval of surveillance. An ultrasound or MRI in addition to or instead of flexible sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy should also be strongly considered. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A979. CÁNCERES RECTALES T1 EXTIRPADOS LOCALMENTE: NECESIDAD DE PROTOCOLOS DE VIGILANCIA ESPECIALIZADOS: La escisión local de los cánceres de recto T1 ayuda a evitar una cirugía mayor, pero la frecuencia y el patrón de recurrencia pueden ser diferentes a los de los pacientes tratados con escisión mesorectal total.

OBJETIVO

Evaluar el patrón, la frecuencia y los medios de detección de recidiva en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de recto T1 extirpado localmente bajo un régimen de seguimiento especifico. DISEÑO:: Revisión retrospectiva.

AJUSTES

Pacientes tratados por hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Minnesota, 1994-2014 PACIENTES:: Pacientes con cáncer de recto T1 confirmado patológicamente, tratados con escisión local y con al menos 3 meses de seguimiento.

INTERVENCIONES

Extirpación local del cáncer de recto T1, con un seguimiento multimodal incluyendo examen físico, antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA), TC, ecografía endorrectal y proctoscopia.

PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO

Presencia de recurrencia local y medios de detección de recurrencia.

RESULTADOS

Un total de 114 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de recurrencia local fue del 11,4% y la tasa de metástasis a distancia fue del 2,6%. Las recurrencias locales se presentaron hasta 7 años después de la escisión local. De los 14 pacientes con recurrencia, 10 de las recurrencias se detectaron por ultrasonido y / o proctoscopia en lugar de los métodos tradicionales de vigilancia, como CEA o imágenes. De estos diez pacientes, cuatro tenían una cicatriz aparente en la proctoscopia y el ultrasonido solo reveló hallazgos relacionados con tumores malignos recurrentes. En una ecografía se demostró malignidad recurrente, pero no se realizó proctoscopia concurrente.

LIMITACIONES

Revisión retrospectiva; estudio realizado en una institución donde se dispone fácilmente de ultrasonido endorrectal CONCLUSIONES:: Los cánceres de recto T1 extirpados localmente deben tener una vigilancia específica distinta de los cánceres en etapa I tratados con TME. El régimen de seguimiento deberá de extender más allá del intervalo tradicional de 5 años de vigilancia. También se debe considerar la posibilidad de realizar una ecografía o una resonancia magnética (IRM) además de la sigmoidoscopía flexible o la proctoscopía. Vea el Resumen del video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/A979.

摘要

背景

局部切除 T1 直肠肿瘤有助于避免重大手术,但复发的频率和模式可能与接受全直肠系膜切除术治疗的患者不同。

目的

本研究旨在评估密切随访的 T1 直肠局部切除患者中复发的模式、频率和检测手段。

设计

本研究为回顾性研究。

地点

选择由明尼苏达大学附属医生治疗的患者,时间为 1994 年至 2014 年。

患者

患者病理确诊为 T1 直肠腺癌,行局部切除,并至少随访 3 个月。

干预措施

患者接受 T1 直肠局部切除术,然后采用多模式随访,包括体格检查、CEA、CT、直肠内超声和直肠镜检查。

主要观察指标

主要观察指标为局部复发的存在和复发的检测手段。

结果

共有 114 名患者符合纳入标准。局部复发率为 11.4%,远处转移率为 2.6%。局部复发发生在局部切除后长达 7 年。14 例复发患者中,10 例通过超声和/或直肠镜检查发现,而不是通过传统的 CEA 或影像学等监测方法发现。这 10 例患者中,有 4 例直肠镜下有明显的疤痕,超声单独显示出有恶性肿瘤复发的迹象。其中 1 例超声显示有恶性肿瘤复发,但没有同时进行直肠镜检查。

局限性

这是一项回顾性研究,该研究在直肠内超声易于获得的机构进行。

结论

局部切除的 T1 直肠肿瘤应制定专门的监测指南,与接受全直肠系膜切除术治疗的 I 期癌症不同。这些指南应包括一种局部监测方法,该方法应延长至传统的 5 年监测间隔之外。还应强烈考虑在直肠镜检查或直肠镜检查之外或代替直肠镜检查或直肠镜检查,进行超声或 MRI。请观看视频摘要,网址为:http://links.lww.com/DCR/A979。

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